A realtime spatio-temporal watermarking scheme for H.264/AVC

This paper introduces a digital video watermarking scheme for real-time authentication of H.264/AVC compressed videos. The watermark signals, which represent the macroblock's (MB) and frame's indices, are embedded into the last nonzero quantized DCT value of blocks. Also, analyzing the detection error helps to distinguish malicious attacks from some common processing such as H.264/AVC recompression. Experimental results show that the distortion caused by our watermarking system is negligible, leading to a PSNR of about -0.78 dB and increasing the bitrate by just 3.6%. Furthermore, average bit correct rate (BCR) after H.264/AVC recompression is 0.725.