Investigation the effect of the distribution of receivers on the positioning error for emitter location finding

Emitter location can be found using three or more synchronized receivers. In order to determine the emitter location, different type of methods may be utilized such as received signal strength, direction/time of arrival, and time/frequency difference of arrival. In this study, the time differential of arrivals (TDOA) is selected as the basic method with particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. In addition, the effect on positioning error of the various receiver distributions is examined.