Motorization for an Electric Scooter by Using Permanent-Magnet Machines Optimized Based on a Hybrid Metaheuristic Algorithm

This paper deals with the proposition of a permanent-magnet (PM) machine used to motorize an electric scooter. Several electrical machine configurations are discussed, and the best solution is chosen. The power density and the energetic performances of the chosen machine (with a fractional-slot configuration) are improved using a hybrid optimization algorithm, which combines simulated annealing (SA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques. The obtained results are numerically and experimentally validated to prove that the proposed solution suites the scooter application.