Outdoor evaluation of flatcon® modules and systems

This paper reviews outdoor performance measurements conducted on FLATCON® modules and systems. It highlights the influence of spectra, humidity, temperature, and acceptance angle on the module performance. The variation in efficiency due to spectral changes on a clear day was in the range of 5 % (relative). The influence of humidity could not be quantified easily because the underlying effect of the air mass change could not be separated. For our FLATCON® modules we find an increase of operating cell temperature of 4 K per 100 W/m
²
increase in DNI. FLATCON® system performance has been also analysed. AC system efficiencies above 23 % have been measured for a 5.75 kW CPV system manufactured by Concentrix Solar.