The Clinotron

In this paper the clinotron physical model and performences of actual devices of millimeter and submillimeter wave bands is presented. The clinotron is a new source of electromagnetic oscillations with increased power and efficiency in millimeter and submillimeter wave bands. It belongs to the category of O-type microwave divices with distributed field-electron interaction. The difference between backword-wave oscillators (BWO) and clinotrons consists in application of "thick" electron beam which is slightly inclined with respect to the slow wave structure. It gives the possibility for increasing the dimensions of the interaction space and taking off some typical lacks of BWO. Therefore the clinotrons have been essential impruving oscillator characteristics with lowering of the accelerating voltage and the focusing magnetic field and simplifying of the design of an electron beam gun and the whole device.