A mixed-integer nonlinear programming approach to analog circuit synthesis

A mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) approach to cell-level analog circuit synthesis, allowing simultaneous topology selection and parameter selection, is presented. The problem formulation uses integer variables to model topology choices and continuous variables for the design parameters such as device sizes and bias voltages. Examples using a branch and bound approach to efficiently solve the MINLP problem for CMOS two-stage operational amplifiers are given.<
>