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# Proceedings of the IEE - Part B: Radio and Electronic Engineering

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• ### Standard waveguides and couplings for microwave equipment

Publication Year: 1955, Page(s):493 - 499
Cited by:  Papers (5)
| | PDF (1368 KB)

An account is given of the development and standardization of waveguides, couplings and adaptors for microwave equipment. Whilst these items were primarily intended for use in Service electronic equipment, they have proved to be of considerable use in commercial applications. The appropriate sizes of waveguide to cover the whole microwave spectrum are discussed, and reasons are given for the stand... View full abstract»

• ### Theory of the microwave crystal mixer

Publication Year: 1958, Page(s):662 - 664
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (368 KB)

The rectifier which has an exponential characteristic and parasitic resistance and reactance is considered. By making certain reasonable approximations a simple expression giving the condition for optimum conversion loss is obtained, and from this a set of universal curves, showing optimum conversion loss as a function of the basic contact parameters, is derived. Satisfactory agreement with experi... View full abstract»

• ### A new form of hybrid junction for microwave frequencies

Publication Year: 1957, Page(s):261 - 264
Cited by:  Papers (7)
| | PDF (523 KB)

The principle of the branch-waveguide directional coupler has been applied to the design of a new form of hybrid junction for microwave frequencies. An equal division of power between the main and subsidiary waveguides is achieved by arranging the voltage coupling coefficients of the branch waveguides in accordance with the coefficients in a binomial expansion. Details of design and performance of... View full abstract»

• ### Some applications of ferrites to microwave directional couplers, switches, and cavity filters

Publication Year: 1957, Page(s):388 - 394
| | PDF (963 KB)

The paper reviews some of the research and development projects which led to the designs for a ferrite directional coupler, a ferrite microwave switch and ferrite-loaded cavity filters. Directional coupling is accomplished at microwave frequencies by extending a ferrite cylinder through the common wall of two rectangular waveguides joined at the broad face. Experimental data for coupling and direc... View full abstract»

• ### The notch aerial and some applications to aircraft radio installations

Publication Year: 1955, Page(s):211 - 218
Cited by:  Papers (7)
| | PDF (1015 KB)

The results of a theoretical analysis, supported by experimental measurements, show that very efficient aerials having interesting radiation patterns and useful impedance characteristics can be obtained by exciting metallic sheets with notches cut perpendicularly to an edge. If the notch is about Â¿/4 deep, wide-bandwidth aerials can be obtained; but the detail of the polar diagram may be quite se... View full abstract»

• ### Design of microwave filters with quarter-wave couplings

Publication Year: 1956, Page(s):173 - 177
Cited by:  Papers (11)
| | PDF (618 KB)

Resonator diaphragms are constructed from triplets of inductive posts, whose spacings and radii are chosen to prevent the generation of the first five non-propagating modes. This is sufficient to ensure negligible coupling at quarter-wave separation. Measurements on filters at 4000 Mc/s indicate a satisfactory performance. View full abstract»

• ### Transistor active filters using twin-T rejection networks

Publication Year: 1959, Page(s):170 - 174
| | PDF (442 KB)

The introduction of a rejection-type network, such as a twin-T or a bridged-T, into the feedback loop of an amplifier leads to bandpass characteristics similar to those of single tuned circuits. It is possible to achieve highly selective circuits at very low frequencies, e.g. in the audio range, where high-Q-factor coils are usually physically large and expensive. Some basic circuits using a symme... View full abstract»

• ### Coupled transmission lines as symmetrical directional couplers

Publication Year: 1955, Page(s):383 - 392
Cited by:  Papers (15)
| | PDF (1510 KB)

If two similar unbalanced transmission lines are coupled together by sharing a common outer conductor for part of their length, so as to form a 3-conductor line, they constitute a symmetrical directional coupler. The output ratio of this varies sinusoidally with frequency, being greatest for lengths equal to an odd number of quarter-wavelengths; the characteristic impedance is independent of frequ... View full abstract»

• ### Propagation in curved and twisted waveguides of rectangular cross-section

Publication Year: 1955, Page(s):75 - 80
Cited by:  Papers (11)
| | PDF (624 KB)

The propagation in curved and twisted rectangular waveguides is investigated by putting the wave equation in a form in which the co-ordinates in a waveguide cross-section are also the independent variables in the differential equation. The wavelength is found for the E-curved and H-curved guides, and for twisted guides. In the latter case there is a degeneracy when the guide sides become equal. Cu... View full abstract»

• ### Breakdown of solid dielectrics in divergent fields

Publication Year: 1955, Page(s):725 - 727
| | PDF (350 KB)

First Page of the Article
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• ### Microwave parametric amplifiers and convertors

Publication Year: 1958, Page(s):677 - 679
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (525 KB)

First Page of the Article
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• ### The properties of manganese-zinc ferrites and the physical processes governing them

Publication Year: 1957, Page(s):165 - 173
Cited by:  Papers (2)
| | PDF (1269 KB)

The paper outlines some of the electrical and physical properties of manganese-zinc ferrites and the mechanisms by which they occur. Initial permeability is shown to depend on stoichiometry, granular structure and composition, while the temperature coefficient of permeability is shown to be controllable by the addition of small amounts of trivalent metallic impurities. The influence of composition... View full abstract»

• ### Determination of the reflection coefficient of the sea, for radar-coverage calculation, by an optical analogy method

Publication Year: 1955, Page(s):827 - 830
| | PDF (535 KB)

An approach to the solution of the problem of the effect of a rough sea surface on the vertical coverage of a radar set, by means of an optical analogy, is suggested. The reflection of light waves by a ground-glass surface is considered, and the results of optical experiments are applied to the case of radio waves reflected by the surface of the sea. The method does not yield a precise solution to... View full abstract»

• ### Theory of the measurement of the elements of the permeability tensor of a ferrite by means of a resonant cavity

Publication Year: 1957, Page(s):307 - 315
Cited by:  Papers (2)
| | PDF (1150 KB)

The intrinsicÂ¿ and externalÂ¿ permeabilities of a ferrite are defined, and the relationship between the elements of these tensors is discussed. The derivation from Maxwell's equations is given of the magnetic field in a ferrite sphere when this is placed in a uniform microwave field perpendicular to the polarizing field. This result is used in the calculation of the frequency shift which takes ... View full abstract»

• ### An X-band magnetron Q-measuring apparatus

Publication Year: 1956, Page(s):339 - 343
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (711 KB)

The Q-factors of a resonant-cavity magnetron are usually estimated, in terms of the frequency bandwidth of a resonance curve, from measurement of the standing wave which exists in a feeder through which power is supplied to the magnetron at, and near to, its resonant frequency. The accuracy of this method is high, but when changes in Q-factors are to be measured which, for example, may result from... View full abstract»

• ### Power measurement at 4 Gc/s by the application of the Hall effect in a semiconductor

Publication Year: 1959, Page(s):27 - 30
Cited by:  Papers (4)
| | PDF (561 KB)

When a semiconducting crystal is mounted in the path of an electromagnetic wave, a Hall e.m.f. is set up in the material along the direction of propagation with a value proportional to the power transmitted. The device operates most satisfactorily when the wave impedance is small, so that for a given power the electric-field component is reduced to a minimum. The use of a resonant cavity with the ... View full abstract»

• ### The erosion of electrical contacts by the normal Arc

Publication Year: 1957, Page(s):63 - 68
| | PDF (855 KB)

The cathode material transfer under the action of the normal arcÂ¿ has been measured for a number of elements and alloys. In all cases auxiliary circuits were used to record the accumulative arc duration and the voltage/current characteristics of the arc, from which the total arc energy as well as the total charge passed in the arc could be accurately calculated. Within the experimental errors th... View full abstract»

• ### On the measurement of attenuation in ultrasonic delay lines

Publication Year: 1956, Page(s):773 - 780
Cited by:  Papers (6)
| | PDF (998 KB)

A theoretical and experimental study has been made of the effects of coupling films on the propagation of compressional waves from a transducer to a solid medium. In practice it has been found that wringingÂ¿ the transducer to the specimen with oil as a coupling medium produces a film of non-uniform thickness. Although the variations in thickness are of the order of a wavelength of light, these v... View full abstract»

• ### A new ceramic waveguide window for use on X-band valves

Publication Year: 1958, Page(s):609 - 612
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (581 KB)

During the development of all-ceramic klystron valves, the conventional resonant window, incorporating a thin ceramic disc sealed to a metal diaphragm, was found to have several disadvantages. A new window was therefore developed which simplifies the input and output structures of microwave valves. The new window consists basically of a length of circular waveguide filled with alumina-type ceramic... View full abstract»

• ### The author's reply to the discussion on "Broad-band slot-coupled microstrip directional couplers", "The application of printed-circuit techniques to the design of microwave components" and "Re-entrant transmission-line filter using printed conductors"

Publication Year: 1958
| PDF (181 KB)
• ### Surface roughness and attenuation of precision-drawn, chemically polished, electropolished, electroplated and electroformed waveguides

Publication Year: 1955, Page(s):251 - 259
Cited by:  Papers (5)
| | PDF (1655 KB)

Detailed examinations of certain 3cm waveguides have shown that the surface finish of precision-drawn tubing as manufactured at present is quite adequate for most applications. Such surfaces, however, may be improved, if desired, by careful chemical or electrolytic polishing or electroplating in bright baths under closely controlled conditions. Some information on the surface finish of copper guid... View full abstract»

• ### An approximate method for obtaining transient response from frequency response

Publication Year: 1955, Page(s):744 - 752
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (929 KB)

A number of approximate methods are known for obtaining the transient response of a linear system from its frequency response when the latter is known numerically but not as an analytical function. The paper presents a new method for performing this transformation which is believed to be considerably quicker and more convenient than previous methods, and to offer a greater physical insight into th... View full abstract»

• ### The application of the Hall effect in a semi-conductor to the measurement of power in an electromagnetic field

Publication Year: 1955, Page(s):179 - 185
Cited by:  Papers (4)
| | PDF (1012 KB)

The paper deals with the application of the Hall effect in a semi-conductor, like germanium, to the measurement of power transmitted along a line or a hollow metal waveguide. It is shown that the expression for the instantaneous value of the Hall e.m.f. generated in a small piece of semi-conductor erected in an electromagnetic field is of exactly the same form as the expression for the instantaneo... View full abstract»

• ### The solution of non-linear heat-conduction problems on the Pilot Ace

Publication Year: 1956, Page(s):158 - 162
| | PDF (502 KB)

A method, suitable for use on an automatic computer, is developed for the solution of the heat-conduction equation. The treatment of latent heat is discussed and the method applied to a simple case. An Ace programme is briefly described, and the results obtained for a typical experimental case are given in graphical form. View full abstract»

• ### Discussion on 'Broad-band slot-coupled microstrip directional couplers', 'The application of printed-circuit techniques to the design of microwave components' and 'Re-entrant transmission-line filter using printed conductors' before the Radio and Telecommunication Section, 13th November, 1957

Publication Year: 1958, Page(s):180 - 181
| PDF (374 KB)
• ### The integral-of-error-squared criterion for servo mechanisms

Publication Year: 1955, Page(s):602 - 607
| | PDF (743 KB)

A graphical method is given for obtaining the integral of error-squared for a servo mechanism supplied with a given input signal, and the usefulness of this criterion is discussed. The servo mechanism is characterized by its open-loop response locus, and the input signal by its power spectrum. The method is extended to allow for noise at the input. View full abstract»

• ### A method for the precise measurement of permittivity of sheet specimens

Publication Year: 1957, Page(s):359 - 362
Cited by:  Papers (2)
| | PDF (554 KB)

A specimen, not itself carrying electrodes, is inserted loosely in a prefabricated electrode assembly and the capacitance is measured. The specimen is then removed and the electrode separation reduced until the system has the same capacitance as before. The permittivity can then be calculated without knowledge of the electrode area or of the calibration of any capacitors. The precision of the meth... View full abstract»

• ### A review of radio aids to aeronautical and marine navigation

Publication Year: 1958, Page(s):196 - 212
| | PDF (2933 KB)

The paper is an introduction to the Convention on Radio Aids to Aeronautical and Marine Navigation. The parts of the radio-frequency spectrum which are in use for navigational purposes extend from about 10kc/s to 40Gc/s. The basic factors which apply to all radio-navigational technique are the wave-path, measurement of time interval, the wave propagation velocity, base-line distance and aerial ape... View full abstract»

• ### The attenuation of radio waves reflected from the E-region of the ionosphere

Publication Year: 1958, Page(s):22 - 26
| | PDF (739 KB)

Measurements of the absorption of waves travelling between Slough and Inverness (740 km), and reflected once from the E-region during the process, are compared with similar measurements made simultaneously for vertical incidence at Slough. The absorption over the oblique path, calculated by Martyn's absorption theorem from the value obtained at vertical incidence, was found to be much too low. App... View full abstract»

• ### An experimental design study of some S- and X-band helical aerial systems

Publication Year: 1956, Page(s):764 - 771
| | PDF (1153 KB)

The general characteristics of helical aerials are summarized and the results of polar-diagram measurements in the S- and X-bands are given for single and multiple helices. Reference is made to methods of widening both the beam width and the bandwidth obtained with a helical aerial by means such as end loading and tapering. The possibility of adapting helical aerials to give wide-band linearly pol... View full abstract»

• ### An investigation of the properties of radial cylindrical surface waves launched over flat reactive surfaces

Publication Year: 1956, Page(s):307 - 318
Cited by:  Papers (13)
| | PDF (1161 KB)

The problem of launching and supporting the radial form of surface wave over a flat surface is examined both theoretically and experimentally. The arrangement discussed consists of a vertical dipole aerial erected at different heights above the centre of a large horizontal metal plate inductively loaded at the surface, either by coating it with a thin layer of dielectric or by corrugating it with ... View full abstract»

Publication Year: 1955, Page(s):279 - 295
Cited by:  Papers (5)
| | PDF (2397 KB)

The fading-free range of a medium-wave transmitting station is determined by interference between the ground wave and waves reflected from the ionosphere. In order to achieve as great a range as possible, it is common practice to reduce the strength of the reflected waves by using vertical aerials between 0.5 and 0.6 wavelengths high. The degree of success achieved is controlled by four factors: t... View full abstract»

• ### A study of high-speed avalanche transistors

Publication Year: 1957, Page(s):394 - 402
Cited by:  Papers (10)
| | PDF (1160 KB)

The discovery of an extremely fast relaxation oscillation in a junction transistor led to a study of this mode of operation. It was found that the high speed of operation was due to a combination of multiplication and punch-through. The paper describes the static and dynamic properties of transistors which operate in this mode, and discusses the design and application of such transistors. View full abstract»

• ### The use of digital computers in obtaining solutions to electric-circuit problems involving switching operations

Publication Year: 1956, Page(s):35 - 46
| | PDF (1210 KB)

The analysis of electric circuits by matrix methods is well established as a means for obtaining differential equations relating the electric quantities to the impedance properties of the circuit. A brief summary is given of the mesh method of circuit analysis and a procedure is derived for expressing the resulting equations as simultaneous first-order differential equations. Reference is made to ... View full abstract»

• ### Theory of imperfect waveguides: the effect of wall impedance

Publication Year: 1955, Page(s):698 - 708
Cited by:  Papers (21)
| | PDF (1198 KB)

Wave propagation in waveguides whose walls exhibit an arbitrary but small surface impedance is studied. It is shown that, although in the case of circular waveguides all E-and H-modes are stable, in the case of rectangular waveguides all E-modes and higher-order H-modes are unstable, leaving only H modes that can propagate without change of form. General formulae are derived from which the propaga... View full abstract»

• ### The coupling of three coaxial helices

Publication Year: 1958, Page(s):769 - 778
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (1203 KB)

The conventional 2-helix coupler, such as that proposed for travelling-wave tubes and backward-wave oscillators, can provide a good match over a wide frequency band. If the ratio between the external and internal helices exceeds two, the coupler may be inconveniently long and will have poor matching properties. The necessity for a small diameter ratio is obviated by introducing a third intermediat... View full abstract»

• ### A comparison of the noise, and random frequency and amplitude fluctuations in different types of oscillator

Publication Year: 1956, Page(s):182 - 189
| | PDF (967 KB)

No oscillator gives a pure sine-wave output. There is always some random noise present in the oscillator circuit, if only that due to thermal agitation. Because of this, noise will appear in the output even if steps are taken to stabilize the output amplitude. Also, the output power is spread over a finite frequency band, and not concentrated at a single frequency. The nature of the random fluctua... View full abstract»

• ### An approach to the design of constant-resistance amplitude equalizer networks

Publication Year: 1958, Page(s):185 - 189
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (565 KB)

It is often desirable to correct or to adjust the amplitude/frequency response of a network to meet certain stated requirements. Although it is usually not difficult to calculate the insertion loss of a correcting network, the inverse is rather more difficult. The paper suggests a method of designing constant-resistance amplitude equalizers to give a desired slope over the working range concerned.... View full abstract»

• ### Transistor circuits and applications

Publication Year: 1957, Page(s):565 - 584
| | PDF (2202 KB)

Junction-transistor circuits are reviewed, and new concepts and trends in design are discussed. Improvements in transistor ratings are described, but special transistor types such as tetrodes, p-n-p-n and unipolar devices are not considered. Basic applications surveyed include low-level and power amplifiers, square-wave and sinusoidal oscillators, power convertors and regulators, waveform-shaping ... View full abstract»

• ### Ferrite structures for millimetre wavelengths

Publication Year: 1957, Page(s):346 - 354
Cited by:  Papers (2)
| | PDF (1305 KB)

The paper gives the results of the extension to higher frequencies than heretofore of work already performed on ferrites and outlines the applications to which these results pertain. The dispersion and absorption occurring in ferrite materials in the presence of an applied magnetic field is briefly mentioned. A description is then given of measurements on typical ferrites with both longitudinal an... View full abstract»

• ### Discussion on "The Crystal Palace television transmitting station", "The Broadcasting House-Crystal Palace television link" and "Band I television-transmitter design, with particular reference to the transmitters at Crystal Palace" before the Radio and Telecommunication Section, 4th April, 1956

Publication Year: 1956, Page(s):663 - 665
| PDF (565 KB)
• ### Measurement and Control Section: Chairman's address. The measurement of radioactivity

Publication Year: 1957
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First Page of the Article
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• ### The acoustic-delay-line electronic calculator

Publication Year: 1956, Page(s):269 - 275
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (1015 KB)

The paper describes an electronic digital calculator designed to perform accounting and other calculations. The calculator is capable of performing the four main arithmetic functions of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. It receives the information from a punched card, performs the required calculations and punches out the answer on the same card. The main features of the calculat... View full abstract»

• ### Artificial reverberation

Publication Year: 1955, Page(s):624 - 640
| | PDF (2905 KB)

The demand for a source of artificial reverberation in sound transmission systems is commonly met by the use of reverberation rooms, but attempts have been made to fulfil the requirements by devices involving the transmission of the signal through a number of delay channels. The design and operation of such devices can be treated by simple theory, but in the present state of the art, the quality o... View full abstract»

• ### Ferrites applied to carrier-frequency equipment

Publication Year: 1957, Page(s):541 - 549
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (1098 KB)

The properties of some ferrites and other magnetic materials in the carrier frequency range are compared and an indication is given of the field of application of ferrites. In transformer design, insertion loss and return loss are examined in relation to the reluctivity of core materials, and it is shown that ferrites have advantages in the frequency range above 30kc/s. Examples are given of a fer... View full abstract»

• ### A resonance absorption isolator in microstrip for 4 Gc/s

Publication Year: 1957, Page(s):364 - 365
Cited by:  Papers (1)
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First Page of the Article
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• ### Discussion on 'Computer input and output, including analogue-digital conversion'

Publication Year: 1956, Page(s):447 - 449
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• ### A transistor digital computer

Publication Year: 1956, Page(s):364 - 370
| | PDF (1163 KB)

The paper describes a small digital computer which has a magnetic-drum store and uses some 330 transistors as the only active circuit elements. The logical design is unusual, involving the interleaving of the digits of numbers stored on the drum; this permits 3-address operation, all three addresses being on the drum, and calls for relatively little storage capacity external to the drum. Although ... View full abstract»

• ### Propagation measurements at 3480 Mc/s over a 173-mile path

Publication Year: 1958, Page(s):128 - 142
Cited by:  Papers (11)
| | PDF (2317 KB)

The paper presents an account of an experimental study of beyond-the horizon radio scatter propagation at a frequency of 3480 Mc/s over a path of 173 statute miles between Start Point and Wembley. Details of the path and brief details of the transmitting, receiving and recording equipment are given. Propagation data, collected from May, 1956, to April, 1957, are presented. The performance of the l... View full abstract»

• ### Wide-band waveguide filters with short linear tapers

Publication Year: 1958, Page(s):210 - 212
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (350 KB)

Broad-band waveguide filters, which obtain a band-pass characteristic by combining low-pass and high-pass networks, are discussed. Filters of this type do not, in general, match the impedance of standard guide. A method of design, in which simple linear tapers are employed to effect matching, is described. The design procedure is illustrated in a typical example and experimental results are given. View full abstract»

## Aims & Scope

Published from 1955-1958, the Proceedings of the IEE - Part B: Radio and Electronic Engineering included all specialized papers on radio and electronic engineering (including communication engineering) that were presented to the Institution. Also included were the formal proceedings of the Radio Section of the Institution and the papers which were read before that Section, together with discussions on them.

Full Aims & Scope