# IRE Transactions on Military Electronics

Includes the top 50 most frequently accessed documents for this publication according to the usage statistics for the month of

• ### Principles of Pulse Compression

Publication Year: 1961, Page(s):109 - 116
Cited by:  Papers (11)
| | PDF (1575 KB)

For good radar system performance, a transmitted waveform is desired that has 1) wide bandwidth for high range resolution and 2) long duration for high velocity resolution and high transmitted energy. In a pulse-compression system, a long pulse of duration T and bandwidth F (product of T and F greater than one) is transmitted. Received echoes are processed to obtain short pulses of duration 1/F. C... View full abstract»

• ### An RF Multiple Beam-Forming Technique

Publication Year: 1962, Page(s):179 - 186
Cited by:  Papers (14)  |  Patents (1)
| | PDF (2724 KB)

An RF beam-forming matrix is described which forms n'' simultaneous beams from an n'' element array in a passive and theoretically lossless manner. The principle of operation is explained using some simple matrix configuration. A general expression for the far-field pattern of any beam is derived and then used to study the positions of beam peaks, the position of beam nulls, the crossover leve... View full abstract»

Publication Year: 1961, Page(s):154 - 164
Cited by:  Papers (6)  |  Patents (1)
| | PDF (4741 KB)

A procedure for radar range calculation is described, reflecting current knowledge of the effects of external natural noise sources, atmospheric-absorption losses, and the refractive effect of the normal atmosphere. The range equation is presented in terms of explicitly defined and readily evaluated quantities. Curves and equations are given for evaluating the quantities that are not ordinarily kn... View full abstract»

• ### Infrared Automatic Acquisition and Tracking System

Publication Year: 1961, Page(s):312 - 316
| | PDF (2467 KB)

A technique for accumulating airborne visible and infrared spectroradiometric data from missile plumes and re-entry objects establishes the requirements for a precision tracking front surface mirror. The processing of target radiation, reflected by the tracking mirror into an infrared tracker telescope, to derive target coordinate information, is described. The derivation of transformed target err... View full abstract»

• ### A Large Time-Bandwidth Product Pulse-Compression Technique

Publication Year: 1962, Page(s):169 - 173
Cited by:  Papers (12)  |  Patents (1)
| | PDF (821 KB)

A pulse-compression radar system which utilizes a linear FM waveform has a theoretical upper limit to the magnitude of its compression ratio or time-bandwidth product. This limit is a function of the observed target's relative radial velocity, and the effect on the return signal is characterized by both a pulse stretching and amplitude reduction if the limit is exceeded. The use of a logarithmic p... View full abstract»

• ### The Radar Measurement of Range, Velocity and Acceleration

Publication Year: 1961, Page(s):51 - 57
Cited by:  Papers (50)  |  Patents (3)
| | PDF (1079 KB)

This paper is a study of the ultimate attainable accuracy in the radar measurement of range, range rate, and range acceleration. It is assumed that these quantities are to be measured by a coherent radar with a large output signal-to-noise ratio. The approach is entirely theoretical, and the accuracy evaluated is the accuracy that would be attained with an ideal receiver which performs maximum-lik... View full abstract»

• ### Continuous-Wave Radar with High Range Resolution and Unambiguous Velocity Determination

Publication Year: 1962, Page(s):153 - 161
Cited by:  Papers (26)
| | PDF (1497 KB)

The conventional pulse radar has two shortcomings. First, since the pulse width and pulse repetition frequency are constrained by resolution and maximum range requirements, the average transmitter power can be increased only by increasing the peak transmitter power. Second, the limitation imposed by the sampling theorem prevents unambiguous measurement of Doppler frequencies higher than one half t... View full abstract»

• ### The magnetohydrodynamic power generator-basic principles, state of the art, and areas of application

Publication Year: 1962, Page(s):78 - 83
Cited by:  Papers (3)
| | PDF (1944 KB)

The paper opens with a review and discussion of the basic principles of MHD power generation. It is seen that the MHD generator operates in a manner similar to that of a conventional generator in that the "armature" of the MHD is a hot, high-speed electrically-conducting gas, while the force or torque-required to move a metallic conductor through a field is replaced by a pressure gradient in the g... View full abstract»

• ### Sidelobe Suppression in a Range-Channel Pulse-Compression Radar

Publication Year: 1962, Page(s):162 - 169
Cited by:  Papers (17)  |  Patents (2)
| | PDF (1202 KB)

A model range-channel pulse-compression system is postulated and the problem of suppressing sidelobes in the compressed pulse is discussed. It is concluded that amplitude-weighting in the time domain (at IF) is a convenient method of suppressing sidelobes. An integration loss factor is defined which characterizes the decrease in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) resulting from the inclusion of weighting... View full abstract»

• ### The Effect of High-Altitude Nuclear Explosions on Radio Communication

Publication Year: 1962, Page(s):326 - 338
Cited by:  Papers (5)
| | PDF (2205 KB)

It is known that considerable interference with long distance radio communication resulted from the explosion of the two 4-MT bombs at high altitude over Johnston Island in August, 1958. A study was made of the effects reported in unclassified literature with the object of finding which type of transmissions, if any, could still be relied upon under such conditions. The conclusion reached is that ... View full abstract»

• ### A High-Resolution Radar Combat-Surveillance System

Publication Year: 1961, Page(s):127 - 131
Cited by:  Papers (44)
| | PDF (3068 KB)

An account is given of the development of the AN/UPD-1 (XPM-1) system. This airborne mapping radar, by synthesizing an extremely long antenna which expands in length in direct proportion to radar range, provides a linear resolution in the azimuth direction that is constant for all radar ranges. View full abstract»

• ### Some Early Developments in Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems

Publication Year: 1962, Page(s):111 - 115
Cited by:  Papers (81)  |  Patents (2)
| | PDF (2711 KB)

This paper describes some of the early developments in the synthetic aperture technique for radar application. The basic principle and later extensions to the theory are described. The results of the first experimental verification at the University of Illinois are given as well as the results of subsequent experiments. The paper also includes a section comparing some of the important features of ... View full abstract»

• ### Phase-Amplitude Monopulse System

Publication Year: 1962, Page(s):140 - 146
Cited by:  Papers (7)
| | PDF (2309 KB)

Phase monopulse, amplitude monopulse, and phase-amplitude monopulse are compared. The latter uses only two antenna feeds and by controlling the aperture illumination from these feeds has a separation of the illumination phase centers in one axis and opposed tilts of the phase fronts, or squint, in the other axis. It is described as more fundamental or less redundant than four-horn or other multiho... View full abstract»

• ### Operations research

Publication Year: 1957, Page(s):4 - 9
| | PDF (3478 KB)

IN THE physical sciences — physics, chemistry, and many branches of engineering — one starts studying a phenomenon by picking some phase or aspect of it, by observing some part of its manifold behavior. According to folklore, Newton started his study of gravitation by watching the fall of an apple, not the breaking of the apple stem, not the apple's bounce as it hit, but its falling ... View full abstract»

• ### New Techniques in Three-Dimensional Radar

Publication Year: 1961, Page(s):146 - 153
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (2090 KB)

The definition and basic equations defining the performance of three-dimensional radar systems are given. In particular the parameters defining data rate for different classes of three-dimensional radar are analyzed. Three-dimensional radars are divided into three classes as follows: single beam-rapid scan systems; multiple beam-scanning systems; and multiple beam-non-scanning systems. Each of the... View full abstract»

• ### Prediction of Coverage for Trans-Horizon HF Radar Systems

Publication Year: 1961, Page(s):164 - 172
| | PDF (1673 KB)

Coverage patterns for trans-horizon radar systems can be predicted both analytically and empirically. Empirical methods are preferred because of their rapid application and lack of need for elaborate computing facilities. In addition, the coverage techniques introduced may be used eventually to determine the slant range, absorption, and effective noise temperature of trans-horizon radar systems. S... View full abstract»

• ### Three-Dimensional Interplanetary Trajectories

Publication Year: 1959, Page(s):149 - 159
Cited by:  Papers (2)
| | PDF (2145 KB)

Developments in guided missiles and related scientific areas have reached a state where ballistic flights to the planets Venus and Mars are feasible and imminent with existing hardware. This paper discusses considerations involved in making actual ballistic flight to Venus. Conventional two-dimensional analysis is compared to the actual three-dimensional case. Burnout conditions required to minimi... View full abstract»

• ### SCAMP-a single-channel monopulse radar signal processing technique

Publication Year: 1962, Page(s):146 - 152
Cited by:  Papers (6)
| | PDF (1157 KB)

A new monopulse radar signal processing technique is described, which requires only a single IF amplifer channel to instantaneously process the returns from all targets within a beamwidth. The basic signal processor consists of a wide-band amplifier-hard limiter, followed by appropriate band-pass filtering. The mathematical basis for its operation is developed and corroborating experimental result... View full abstract»

• ### Jamming of Communication Systems Using FM, AM, and SSB Modulation

Publication Year: 1961, Page(s):8 - 11
Cited by:  Papers (2)
| | PDF (737 KB)

Jamming of voice communication systems is a very ungrateful task and brute force'' jammers have to be used, while other systems, such as radar, can be jammed effectively using low power but sophisticated jammers. Geographical situation is very much against the jammer, particularly in ground-based mobile communication systems. The propagation of ground wave is such that a rapid increase of jammin... View full abstract»

• ### Semi-Active Correlation Radar Employing Satellite-Borne Illumination

Publication Year: 1960, Page(s):268 - 269
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (330 KB)

This paper describes a semi-active radar system in which the transmitter is carried in a satellite. The satellite transmits a randomly modulated signal. On the ground the radar has two antennas and receivers. One antenna points at the satellite, the other at the target. The signal from the satellite-oriented receiver is delayed and correlated with the satellite signal reflected from the target. Th... View full abstract»

Publication Year: 1961, Page(s):116 - 126
Cited by:  Papers (6)
| | PDF (1857 KB)

Doppler radars are employed for the detection of moving targets whose radar echo area is much smaller than the ground clutter return. Moving targets are separated from clutter on a frequency basis by utilizing the Doppler phenomenon. Continuous-wave Doppler radars have a practical maximum-range capability because the leak-through between the transmitter and receiver causes receiver saturation. Thi... View full abstract»

• ### Improvement in Tracking Accuracy of Pulse Radar by Coherent Techniques

Publication Year: 1961, Page(s):286 - 293
| | PDF (1137 KB)

The theory of optimum linear prediction and filtering is applied to determine the optimum system response of pulse (noncoherent) and pulse-Doppler (coherent) radars for target motions consisting of 1) random steps of velocity, and 2) random steps of acceleration. The rms error in velocity data is calculated for each system, and the improvement factor of pulse-Doppler over pulse radar is obtained. ... View full abstract»

• ### Design Considerations for Parametric Amplifier Low-Noise Performance

Publication Year: 1961, Page(s):72 - 80
Cited by:  Papers (3)
| | PDF (1419 KB)

The basic characteristics of parametric amplifiers are reviewed briefly, with particular emphasis on the limitations on low-noise performance resulting from diode losses. Normalized curves showing the minimum excess temperature of a parametric amplifier for various spectrum arrangements are presented, where the normalizing factor is the degenerate-mode gain cutoff frequency. Experimental evidence ... View full abstract»

• ### Radar Ballistic Instrumentation at White Sands Missile Range

Publication Year: 1960, Page(s):583 - 586
| | PDF (2929 KB)

Early in the history of White Sands Missile Range a runaway V-2 missile indicated the need for better missile flight surveillance. Modified SCR-584 radars were soon after established as the basic source of surveillance data. Further modifications to the system made reliable all-weather trajectory data, readily achieved by radar. The development and implementation of the AN/FPS-16 radar at White Sa... View full abstract»

• ### Space exploration — The new challenge to the electronics industry

Publication Year: 1957, Page(s):43 - 48
| | PDF (4105 KB)

The electronics industry today faces its greatest challenge, the development of a system to control remotely a space-research vehicle. It must prepare man's path into space. A two-way radio data link will be one specific goal. This link should transfer data between Earth and vehicle to provide guidance and observation data, and to permit control of vehicle trajectory and instrumentation through an... View full abstract»

• ### A Delayed-Repeater Satellite Communication System of Advanced Design

Publication Year: 1960, Page(s):195 - 207
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (2905 KB)

This paper describes a delayed-repeater satellite communications system consisting of an orbiting delayed-repeater radio-relay station which passes over terminal ground stations located within the viewing area of the satellite. Messages are exchanged between the satellite and a ground station operating in the 2-kmc band utilizing both polarization and frequency diversity techniques to provide a co... View full abstract»

• ### Theory of Coherent Systems

Publication Year: 1962, Page(s):187 - 196
Cited by:  Papers (6)
| | PDF (1692 KB)

A circuit theory model is derived for coherent radar, communication, sonar and antenna systems. The model involves linear time invariant operators and hence can be thought of as cascaded filters. The model provides insight for such systems not previously available, and it provides a unified approach to the analysis of all the above systems. The analysis is concerned with continuously distributed t... View full abstract»

• ### Thermoelectric Generator Design, Performance, and Application

Publication Year: 1962, Page(s):34 - 40
Cited by:  Papers (2)
| | PDF (1213 KB)

Many of the practical problems that are encountered in building present-day generators are illustrated. A design procedure for free convection air-cooled generators is described. The performance of power thermocouples as a function of junction temperature is discussed and curves illustrating couple efficiency, power output, heat flux and voltage as a function of hot junction temperature are shown.... View full abstract»

• ### A New Generation of Radar

Publication Year: 1961, Page(s):30 - 31
| | PDF (328 KB)

First Page of the Article
View full abstract»

• ### Courier Satellite Communication System

Publication Year: 1960, Page(s):407 - 413
| | PDF (6115 KB)

This paper on the Courier satellite presents some of the background against which this experiment on an operational satellite communication system is being conducted. Details on the development, construction and testing of both the ground and orbiting segments of the system are outlined. Information on the results expected from the operational aspects of the experiment are also presented. View full abstract»

Publication Year: 1962, Page(s):67 - 71
| | PDF (1009 KB)

The galvanic battery is the most highly developed means of storing electrical energy today. In satellite and space-vehicle applications where auxiliary electrical power is required for extended periods of time, it has been found that the most feasible power supply currently available consists of silicon solar cells used in conjunction with sealed nickel-cadmium storage batteries. They are capable ... View full abstract»

• ### The Equivalence Among Three Approaches to Deriving Synthetic Array Patterns and Analyzing Processing Techniques

Publication Year: 1962, Page(s):116 - 119
Cited by:  Papers (4)
| | PDF (550 KB)

The equivalence of the vector addition, cross-correlation, and filtering approaches to deriving synthetic array patterns and analyzing processing techniques is demonstrated here. A mathematical model is defined which establishes a geometry, a transmitted and received signal, and a general synthetic array weighting function. A preliminary analysis of this model derives the signals received at the f... View full abstract»

• ### Some Reliability Aspects of weapon and Other Space Systems Using Ballistic Missile Boosters

Publication Year: 1959, Page(s):173 - 174
| | PDF (493 KB)

This paper shows that there is a need to differentiate, at least on occasion, between weapon and nonweapon space systems where their reliability is concerned. Three criteria are offered as a means of determining whether this differentiation need be made in the case of any particular nonweapon space system. Where this differentiation should be made, possible reliability approaches for the nonweapon... View full abstract»

• ### Radar Resolution of Closely Spaced Targets

Publication Year: 1962, Page(s):197 - 204
Cited by:  Papers (31)
| | PDF (1322 KB)

This paper presents an analysis of the problem of the resolvability of two radar targets which are located close together, in the sense that any parameters of the targets being measured (e.g., range, range rate, range acceleration, azimuth, azimuth rate, etc.) are close together. Arbitrary sets of parameters are allowed, and it is assumed there is additive noise of arbitrary but known spectral sha... View full abstract»

• ### The great discovery of modern mathematics

Publication Year: 1957, Page(s):10 - 18
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (3772 KB)

This is not intended to be free verse. Writing each phrase on a separate line facilitates rapid reading, and everyone is in a hurry nowadays. View full abstract»

• ### A Comparison of Techniques for Achieving Fine Azimuth Resolution

Publication Year: 1962, Page(s):119 - 121
Cited by:  Papers (25)
| | PDF (505 KB)

In the discussion of techniques for achieving azimuth resolution, it is instructive to compare the achievable resolution for three cases: 1) the conventional case for which λR Res = k / D 2) the unfocussed synthetic antenna case for which Res = k√λR 3) the focussed synthetic antenna case for which Res = kD where λ is wavelength, D is aperture of physical antenna use... View full abstract»

• ### Application of Electronic Distance Measuring Equipment in Surveying

Publication Year: 1960, Page(s):263 - 267
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (1070 KB)

Recent improvements in electronic distance-measuring equipment have made it possible to obtain higher degrees of accuracy in surveys for mapping. Electronic equipment has therefore become a far-reaching and powerful tool when used for establishing geodetic control in remote areas, between distant triangulation stations, over impassable terrain, and through intervening vegetation, where it is impos... View full abstract»

• ### Signal Corps Studies of Nuclear Radiation Effects on Electronic Components and Materials

Publication Year: 1960, Page(s):419 - 423
| | PDF (1830 KB)

The U. S. Army Signal Research and Development Laboratory has long been interested in the effects of nuclear radiation on electronic components and materials. An historical account of USASRDL participation in earlier weapons tests is presented along with more recent efforts toward the evaluation of component operation during a burst of nuclear radiation using various pulsed reactor facilities. The... View full abstract»

• ### Automatic Frequency Control of Magnetrons

Publication Year: 1961, Page(s):45 - 50
| | PDF (1047 KB)

A practical AFC system for both X-band and Ku-band magnetron radar transmitters has been developed. This system meets the needs of three radar systems currently in production. Frequency stabilization is accomplished by electronically controlling the magnetron load impedance. Therefore, the magnetron pulling figure'' is put to use. The closed loop AFC system maintains frequency stability to bette... View full abstract»

• ### Systems Engineering and Weapon System Management

Publication Year: 1959, Page(s):4 - 7
| | PDF (1798 KB)

Weapon System Management is a term in common use. The author describes some of the problems encountered in developing complete air weapons for combat use. The design problems caused by introduction of jet engines, missiles, and complex electronic systems, in the post-World War II period engendered a developmental pattern which emphasized the need for integration of all components. System engineeri... View full abstract»

• ### An Alternative Method for Obtaining Performance Figures

Publication Year: 1962, Page(s):288 - 296
| | PDF (1554 KB)

A performance figure indicates the ability of a system to perform a task. At present, several checkout systems obtain performance figures by employing the prime equipment directly in a mission simulation. The measure-compute approach is proposed as an alternative which might sometimes be applied more advantageously. In the measure-compute approach, the prime equipment is not directly involved in t... View full abstract»

• ### Battle Scars of Military Electronics — The Scharnhorst break-through

Publication Year: 1957, Page(s):19 - 25
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (3567 KB)

This paper opens our Famous Battle Series with an account — from an electronic point of view — of the daring escape up the English Channel of the German ships Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, and Prinz Eugen during World War II. We hope to follow this in a later issue with an analysis from the German side. View full abstract»

• ### Signal Processing Techniques for Surveillance Radar Sets

Publication Year: 1961, Page(s):103 - 108
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (982 KB)

One of the major recent advances in radar technology has been in the processing of the received signals. Several techniques have been developed to enhance the desired signals (aircraft) relative to ground clutter, sea clutter, rain, interference from other radars, and active countermeasures. The following techniques are discussed: MTI, Sweep Integration, and Blanking and Switching. A signal proces... View full abstract»

• ### Some aspects of astronautics

Publication Year: 1958, Page(s):8 - 19
| | PDF (5174 KB)

This paper is mainly concerned with four general topics of importance in astronautics: 1) Basic laws of celestial mechanics. The subjects covered are: Kepler's laws and their Newtonian redevelopment, the orbital elements, and perturbations. 2) Lunar and interplanetary flights. A typical earth-moon transit trajectory, computed by automatic machine, is discussed. Guidance accuracies required for lun... View full abstract»

• ### Radar in the Signal Corps

Publication Year: 1960, Page(s):555 - 561
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (5964 KB)

The accomplishments of the Signal Corps Laboratories in the development of radar are described with emphasis on the pre-World War II period. The development and evolution of early warning radar and fire control radar in the Army are treated in some detail. The ground radars used in combat during the war by the Army (including the Army Air Corps) are discussed. View full abstract»

• ### The Electron Beam Parametric Amplifier as a Radar System Component

Publication Year: 1961, Page(s):66 - 71
| | PDF (3432 KB)

Practical experience is now available with the Electron Beam Parametric Amplifier (EBPA) used as a low-noise preamplifier in radar systems. Principles of operation of the EBPA are briefly recapitulated. Among its desirable characteristics are unilateral behavior, high stable gain and a double-channel noise figure (NF) of 1 db or less; its bandwidth, input and output impedance remain constant as ga... View full abstract»

• ### Estimate of Space-Radiation Effects on Satellite Solar-Cell Power Supplies

Publication Year: 1962, Page(s):14 - 20
Cited by:  Papers (1)
| | PDF (1309 KB)

The charged-particle intensity and energy distribution at the heart of the inner and outer Van Allen belts is compared with the experimentally determined radiation sensitivity of silicon solar cells. Energy dependence of the radiation damage and solar-cell characteristics is included in the lifetime estimate of spacecraft solar cells. Use of charged-particle range-energy relations and the differen... View full abstract»

• ### The Satellite Vanguard II: Cloud Cover Experiment

Publication Year: 1960, Page(s):245 - 247
Cited by:  Papers (2)
| | PDF (2182 KB)

This paper contains a summary of the launch and performance of the first meteorological satellite, Vanguard II. A brief description of its instrumentation is given. View full abstract»

• ### The Present Status of Silicon Solar Cells

Publication Year: 1962, Page(s):5 - 14
Cited by:  Papers (7)
| | PDF (2592 KB)

The present state of the art of silicon solar cells is described. The physical properties, circuit performance, and current lines of research are summarized. Silicon is seen to be competitive in several of the newer approaches to solar cell improvement. View full abstract»

• ### The Evolution and Application of Coherent Radar Systems

Publication Year: 1961, Page(s):131 - 139
Cited by:  Papers (2)
| | PDF (1718 KB)

A brief introduction to coherent radar applications is given by discussing some basic pulse and CW systems. Comments on the historical development of these systems are followed by a general discussion of coherent radar parameter variations as they relate to the accuracy, resolution and ambiguity of target position or speed measurements. View full abstract»

## Aims & Scope

This Transactions ceased publication in 1962. The new retitled publication is IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

Full Aims & Scope