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# IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

## Issue 10  Part 1 • Oct. 2011

This issue contains several parts.Go to:  Part 2

## Filter Results

Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 38
• ### [Front cover]

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s): C1
| PDF (567 KB)
• ### IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing publication information

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s): C2
| PDF (41 KB)
• ### Table of contents

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3481 - 3482
| PDF (53 KB)
• ### Foreword to the Special Issue on Synthetic Aperture Radar Technologies and Techniques

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3483 - 3485
Cited by:  Papers (2)
| PDF (137 KB) | HTML
• ### List of reviewers

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s): 3486
| PDF (19 KB)
• ### Spatial Resolution of Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar: Impact of Acquisition Geometry on Imaging Performance

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3487 - 3503
Cited by:  Papers (28)
| | PDF (1153 KB) | HTML

This paper analyzes the spatial resolution of bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in general hybrid configurations, such as air- and spaceborne systems moving along independent trajectories. The gradient method is utilized to point out the effects of the acquisition geometry, namely, position and velocity of both the transmitter and the receiver, on image resolution. This general approach is a... View full abstract»

• ### Processing the Azimuth-Variant Bistatic SAR Data by Using Monostatic Imaging Algorithms Based on Two-Dimensional Principle of Stationary Phase

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3504 - 3520
Cited by:  Papers (37)
| | PDF (1094 KB) | HTML

This paper presents a new bistatic point target reference spectrum. It is derived by using the 2-D principle of stationary phase which is first applied in the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) community. The spectrum contains two hyperbolic range-azimuth coupling terms and thus is very similar to the monostatic spectrum. It shows the characteristic of the conventional monostatic SAR besides an additi... View full abstract»

• ### Doppler-Hitchhiker: A Novel Passive Synthetic Aperture Radar Using Ultranarrowband Sources of Opportunity

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3521 - 3537
Cited by:  Papers (19)
| | PDF (1403 KB) | HTML

In this paper, we present a novel synthetic aperture radar imaging modality that uses ultranarrowband sources of opportunity and passive airborne receivers to form an image of the ground. Due to its combined passive synthetic aperture and high Doppler resolution of the transmitted waveforms, we refer to this modality as the Doppler Synthetic Aperture Hitchhiker or Doppler-hitchhiker for short. Our... View full abstract»

• ### Radar Backscatter Mapping Using TerraSAR-X

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3538 - 3547
Cited by:  Papers (6)
| | PDF (1700 KB) | HTML

Global backscatter data can be used for accurate synthetic aperture radar (SAR) performance estimation and optimizing instrument settings for SAR systems, e.g. the TerraSAR-X mission (TSM) and the TanDEM-X mission (TDM). The goal of this work is the generation of X-band backscatter maps by mosaicking images acquired by the TSM. An algorithm that allows the estimation of the on-ground backscatter, ... View full abstract»

• ### The Accurate Focusing and Resolution Analysis Method in Geosynchronous SAR

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3548 - 3563
Cited by:  Papers (54)
| | PDF (1625 KB) | HTML

In Geosynchronous SAR (GEO SAR), because of the increase of orbit height, the signal propagation delay time reaches up to hundreds of milliseconds, and the synthetic aperture time also reaches up to hundreds of seconds which will result in a curved synthetic aperture trajectory, thus the “Stop-and-Go” assumption and conventional imaging methods of low earth orbit SAR (LEO SAR) will l... View full abstract»

• ### A Space Adaptive Quantizer for Spaceborne SAR

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3564 - 3573
Cited by:  Papers (4)
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A space adaptive flexible block quantizer (SA-FBQ), suited for spaceborne synthetic aperture radar missions, is presented. This quantizer is actually an extension of the flexible dynamic block adaptive quantizer (FDBAQ), proposed in , which, in turn, is an extension of the block adaptive quantizer (BAQ). The BAQ is the optimal quantizer for a homogeneous target. The FDBAQ gets better performances ... View full abstract»

• ### Geolocation and Stereo Height Estimation Using TerraSAR-X Spotlight Image Data

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3574 - 3581
Cited by:  Papers (10)
| | PDF (1327 KB) | HTML

We have studied the geographic position of several high-resolution spotlight TSX images by investigating the location of deployed radar corner reflectors. Results show that the geolocation accuracy is better than the resolution cell in both azimuth and range directions. The same corner reflectors as well as distinct points on buildings are used to estimate the absolute height from stereo viewing s... View full abstract»

• ### Retrieval of Sea Surface Range Velocities From Envisat ASAR Doppler Centroid Measurements

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3582 - 3592
Cited by:  Papers (19)
| | PDF (889 KB) | HTML

The processing steps and error corrections needed to retrieve estimates of sea surface range Doppler velocities from Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar Wide Swath Medium resolution image products are presented. Retrieval accuracies based on examination of the corrected Doppler shift measurements are assessed. The root-mean-square errors of the Doppler shift after bias corrections are found ... View full abstract»

• ### The K&C PALSAR Mosaic of the African Continent: Processing Issues and First Thematic Results

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3593 - 3610
Cited by:  Papers (16)
| | PDF (4220 KB) | HTML

The Japan Space Exploration Agency Kyoto and Carbon (K&C) Initiative seeks to demonstrate the potential of the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Arrayed L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) data for addressing regional applications relating to climate change, carbon cycle science, and environmental conservation. This paper outlines the generation of a regional dual-polarizati... View full abstract»

• ### Analysis of the Multimode Feedhorn Concept for Multichannel SAR-GMTI

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3611 - 3621
| | PDF (1530 KB) | HTML

This paper presents the theoretical and experimental performance evaluation of a novel and innovative concept to add a multichannel ground moving target indication (GMTI) capability to a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) reflector antenna with a standard single feed. This approach exploits the capability to achieve a phase center displacement by combining signals obtained from different electromagnet... View full abstract»

• ### NASA's L-Band Digital Beamforming Synthetic Aperture Radar

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3622 - 3628
Cited by:  Papers (17)
| | PDF (1019 KB) | HTML

The Digital Beamforming Synthetic Aperture Radar (DBSAR) is a state-of-the-art L-band radar that employs advanced radar technology and a customized data acquisition and real-time processor in order to enable multimode measurement techniques in a single radar platform. DBSAR serves as a test bed for the development, implementation, and testing of digital beamforming radar techniques applicable to E... View full abstract»

• ### Millimeter-Wave Imaging With Optimized Sparse Periodic Array for Short-Range Applications

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3629 - 3638
Cited by:  Papers (16)
| | PDF (1419 KB) | HTML

This paper presents a multiple-input-multiple-output imaging system on the basis of a hybrid concept with synthetic aperture radar and digital beam forming. By moving a multistatic linear array perpendicularly to the array dimension, a 2-D aperture is sampled. The scope of application is concealed weapon detection in conjunction with the imaging of humans and, alternatively, nondestructive testing... View full abstract»

• ### L and VHF Band Airborne SAR. System Features and Comparative Image Analysis

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3639 - 3647
Cited by:  Papers (1)
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To provide an opportunity to perform multichannel low-frequency radar experiments, airborne SAR “Compact” was designed to operate in L and VHF band. Both channels were mounted on board of Mi-8 helicopter without the need of any platform modification. The SAR system gives the possibility to obtain VHF data in VV and HH polarizations. L and VHF band observations were performed simultan... View full abstract»

• ### Analyzing Tomographic SAR Data of a Forest With Respect to Frequency, Polarization, and Focusing Technique

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3648 - 3659
Cited by:  Papers (33)
| | PDF (2074 KB) | HTML

Forest canopies are semitransparent to microwaves at both L- and P-bands. Thus, a number of scattering sources and different types of scattering mechanisms may contribute to a single range cell of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image. By appropriately combining the SAR data of multiple parallel flight paths, a large 2-D aperture is synthesized, which allows for tomographic imaging of the 3-D str... View full abstract»

• ### 3-D Time-Domain SAR Imaging of a Forest Using Airborne Multibaseline Data at L- and P-Bands

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3660 - 3664
Cited by:  Papers (24)
| | PDF (1129 KB) | HTML

In this paper, a time-domain back-projection based tomographic processing approach to a 3-D reconstruction grid is detailed, with the focusing in the third dimension being either modified versions of multilook standard beamforming, robust Capon beamforming, or multiple signal classification. The novel feature of the proposed approach compared to previous synthetic aperture radar (SAR) tomography a... View full abstract»

• ### Automated Non-Gaussian Clustering of Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Images

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3665 - 3676
Cited by:  Papers (27)
| | PDF (2131 KB) | HTML

This paper presents an automatic image segmentation method for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar data. It utilizes the full polarimetric information and incorporates texture by modeling with a non-Gaussian distribution for the complex scattering coefficients. The modeling is based upon the well-known product model, with a Gamma-distributed texture parameter leading to the K-Wishart model for t... View full abstract»

• ### Challenges in Seafloor Imaging and Mapping With Synthetic Aperture Sonar

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3677 - 3687
Cited by:  Papers (25)
| | PDF (2892 KB) | HTML

Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) is emerging as an imaging technology that can provide centimeter resolution over hundreds-of-meter range on the seafloor. Although the principle of SAS has been known for more than 30 years, SAS systems have only recently become commercially available. The success of SAS is critically dependent on overcoming several challenges related to the ocean environment. The so... View full abstract»

• ### Efficient Full Aperture Processing of TOPS Mode Data Using the Moving Band Chirp $Z$-Transform

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3688 - 3693
Cited by:  Papers (15)
| | PDF (675 KB) | HTML

The main operational mode of the European Space Agency's upcoming Sentinel-1 operational satellite will be the Terrain Observation by Progressive Scans (TOPS) imaging mode. This paper presents a very efficient wavenumber domain processor for the processing of TOPS mode data. In particular, a novel signal transform, called a moving band chirp Z-transform, is introduced in order to allow the ... View full abstract»

• ### Performance Requirements for Ionospheric Correction of Low-Frequency SAR Data

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3694 - 3702
Cited by:  Papers (40)
| | PDF (1102 KB) | HTML

In recent years, significant progress has been made in developing theory and methods for modeling, detecting, and correcting ionospheric effects in low-frequency synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. While a large number of correction methods have been developed that differ in sensitivity, data needs, and spatiotemporal accuracy, a lack of performance requirements for ionospheric correction has pre... View full abstract»

• ### A DBS Doppler Centroid Estimation Algorithm Based on Entropy Minimization

Publication Year: 2011, Page(s):3703 - 3712
Cited by:  Papers (12)
| | PDF (1341 KB) | HTML

Doppler centroid is a key focusing parameter of Doppler beam sharpening (DBS) imaging. According to the locked relationship between Doppler centroid error and image entropy, a minimum-entropy Doppler estimator (MEDE) is proposed. The algorithm breaks the conventional algorithms' assumption that the shape of echo signal's power spectrum is symmetrical, and the proposed method can circumvent the pro... View full abstract»

## Aims & Scope

 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING (TGRS) is a monthly publication that focuses on the theory, concepts, and techniques of science and engineering as applied to sensing the land, oceans, atmosphere, and space; and the processing, interpretation, and dissemination of this information.

Full Aims & Scope

## Meet Our Editors

Editor-in-Chief
Antonio J. Plaza
University of Extremadura