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# IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

### Early Access Articles

Early Access articles are made available in advance of the final electronic or print versions. Early Access articles are peer reviewed but may not be fully edited. They are fully citable from the moment they appear in IEEE Xplore.

## Filter Results

Displaying Results 1 - 25 of 96
• ### Cramér-Rao Lower Bound Derivation and Performance Analysis for Space-Based SAR GMTI

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 13
| | PDF (1721 KB)

This paper derives the Cramér-Rao for a general multichannel spaceborne synthetic aperture radar system for ground moving-target indication and provides a theoretical analysis of across-track velocity estimation for RADARSAT-2 and a fictitious satellite. The signal model assumes a deterministic target signal in Gaussian clutter and noise. In estimation theory, the CRLB provides a lower boun... View full abstract»

• ### Improvement of Lake Ice Thickness Retrieval From MODIS Satellite Data Using a Thermodynamic Model

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 10
| | PDF (1679 KB)

Observations of ice thickness are limited in high latitude regions, at a time when they are increasingly being requested by operational ice centers. This study aims to improve the retrieval of lake ice thickness using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board NASA's Aqua (P.M.) and Terra (A.M.) satellites. The accuracy of ice thickness retrievals based on MODIS l... View full abstract»

• ### Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection With Attribute and Edge-Preserving Filters

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 12
| | PDF (3802 KB)

A novel method for anomaly detection in hyperspectral images is proposed. The method is based on two ideas. First, compared with the surrounding background, objects with anomalies usually appear with small areas and distinct spectral signatures. Second, for both the background and the objects with anomalies, pixels in the same class are usually highly correlated in the spatial domain. In this pape... View full abstract»

• ### A Simplified Model for the Retrieval of Precipitable[-0pt] Water Vapor From GPS Signal

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 9
| | PDF (2645 KB)

In this paper, a simplified latitude and day-of-year (DoY)-based model is proposed for the retrieval of precipitable water vapor (PWV) from global positioning system (GPS) signal. Conventionally, PWV, the total amount of water in a vertical column of a unit cross-sectional area, is estimated from the GPS signal delay and a dimensionless conversion factor PI. This PI value is found to rely on a wat... View full abstract»

• ### Fusing Microwave and Optical Satellite Observations to Simultaneously Retrieve Surface Soil Moisture, Vegetation Water Content, and Surface Soil Roughness

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 12
| | PDF (2189 KB)

Uncertainty in surface soil roughness strongly degrades the performance of surface soil moisture (SSM) and vegetation water content (VWC) retrieval from passive microwave observations. This paper proposes an algorithm to objectively determine the surface soil roughness parameter of the radiative transfer model by fusing microwave and optical satellite observations. It is then demonstrated in a sem... View full abstract»

• ### Commercial Off-the-Shelf Digital Cameras on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Multitemporal Monitoring of Vegetation Reflectance and NDVI

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 9
| | PDF (2451 KB)

This paper demonstrates the ability to generate quantitative remote sensing products by means of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with one unaltered and one near infrared-modified commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) camera. Radiometrically calibrated orthomosaics were generated for 17 dates, from which digital numbers were corrected to surface reflectance and to normalized difference vegetati... View full abstract»

• ### An Empirical Mode Decomposition Method for Sea Surface Wind Measurements From X-Band Nautical Radar Data

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 10
| | PDF (4130 KB)

In this paper, sea surface wind direction and speed are obtained from X-band nautical radar images. A data control strategy is proposed to distinguish rain-free and rain-contaminated radar data. The radar data are decomposed by an ensemble empirical mode decomposition method into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residual. A normalization scheme is applied to the first IMF to obtain th... View full abstract»

• ### Sparse Distributed Multitemporal Hyperspectral Unmixing

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 16
| | PDF (6845 KB)

Blind hyperspectral unmixing jointly estimates spectral signatures and abundances in hyperspectral images (HSIs). Hyperspectral unmixing is a powerful tool for analyzing hyperspectral data. However, the usual huge size of HSIs may raise difficulties for classical unmixing algorithms, namely, due to limitations of the hardware used. Therefore, some researchers have considered distributed algorithms... View full abstract»

• ### Using Landsat Surface Reflectance Data as a Reference Target for Multiswath Hyperspectral Data Collected Over Mixed Agricultural Rangeland Areas

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 13
| | PDF (2996 KB)

Low-cost flight-based hyperspectral imaging systems have the potential to provide important information for ecosystem and environmental studies as well as aide in land management. To realize this potential, methods must be developed to provide large-area surface reflectance data allowing for temporal data sets at the mesoscale. This paper describes a bootstrap method of producing a large-area, rad... View full abstract»

• ### ICESAT/GLAS Altimetry Measurements: Received Signal Dynamic Range and Saturation Correction

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 15
| | PDF (6060 KB)

NASA's Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), which operated between 2003 and 2009, made the first satellite-based global lidar measurement of earth's ice sheet elevations, sea-ice thickness, and vegetation canopy structure. The primary instrument on ICESat was the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS), which measured the distance from the spacecraft to the earth's surface via the r... View full abstract»

• ### Sparse Bayesian Learning-Based Time-Variant Deconvolution

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 13
| | PDF (2741 KB)

In seismic exploration, the wavelet-filtering effect and Q-filtering (amplitude attenuation and velocity dispersion) effect blur the reflection image of subsurface layers. Therefore, both wavelet- and Q-filtering effects should be reduced to retrieve a high-quality subsurface image, which is significant for fine reservoir interpretation. We derive a nonlinear time-variant convolution model to spar... View full abstract»

• ### Efficient Method for Scattering From Cylindrical Components of Vegetation and Its Potential Application to the Determination of Effective Permittivity

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 8
| | PDF (1574 KB)

Reliable and efficient analysis of electromagnetic scattering by cylindrical components of vegetation is important for microwave remote sensing of vegetated terrain. It allows for the characterization of anistropicity of the effective permittivity for vegetation or tree canopy, where averaging operation over distribution of cylinder orientation is needed in general. In this paper, we propose a T-m... View full abstract»

• ### Refraction Correction of Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry Based on Sea Surface Profile and Ray Tracing

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 9
| | PDF (3729 KB)

Water depth can be measured using airborne LiDAR bathymetry (ALB). However, when the green laser beam passes through the air-water interface, the sea surface slope greatly affects the laser propagation path, significantly influencing the accuracy of the measured seafloor topography. To reduce its influence, a refraction correction method at the air-water interface based on the sea surface profile ... View full abstract»

• ### Discriminant Analysis of Hyperspectral Imagery Using Fast Kernel Sparse and Low-Rank Graph

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 14
| | PDF (4389 KB)

Due to the high-dimensional characteristic of hyperspectral images, dimensionality reduction (DR) is an important preprocessing step for classification. Recently, sparse and low-rank graph-based discriminant analysis (SLGDA) has been developed for DR of hyperspectral images, for which the properties of sparsity and low-rankness are simultaneously exploited to capture both local and global structur... View full abstract»

• ### Learning Aerial Image Segmentation From Online Maps

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 15
| | PDF (3847 KB)

This paper deals with semantic segmentation of high-resolution (aerial) images where a semantic class label is assigned to each pixel via supervised classification as a basis for automatic map generation. Recently, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown impressive performance and have quickly become the de-facto standard for semantic segmentation, with the added benefit that task-spe... View full abstract»

• ### A Novel GNSS Technique for Predicting Boreal Forest Attributes at Low Cost

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 13
| | PDF (5668 KB)

One of the biggest challenges in forestry research is the effective and accurate measuring and monitoring of forest variables, as the exploitation potential of forest inventory products largely depends on the accuracy of estimates and on the cost of data collection. This paper presented a novel computational method of low-cost forest inventory using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signal... View full abstract»

• ### InSAR Time-Series Estimation of the Ionospheric Phase Delay: An Extension of the Split Range-Spectrum Technique

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 13
| | PDF (4387 KB)

Repeat pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations may be significantly impacted by the propagation delay of the microwave signal through the ionosphere, which is commonly referred to as ionospheric delay. The dispersive character of the ionosphere at microwave frequencies allows one to estimate the ionospheric delay from InSAR data through a split range-spectrum technique. ... View full abstract»

• ### Radar Sounding Through the Earth's Ionosphere at 45 MHz

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 10
| | PDF (1894 KB)

Radar sounding from aircraft or ground-coupled radars has long provided scientists with a powerful technique to sound through ice layers to retrieve local depth and layering structure. More recently, it has been used to detect shallow aquifers in warm, dry, and desert regions. At Mars, a long-wavelength radar sounding from low orbit altitudes has produced global maps that reveal the presence of ic... View full abstract»

• ### A CO₂ Profile Retrieving Method Based on Chebyshev Fitting for Ground-Based DIAL

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 12
| | PDF (2860 KB)

The vertical profile of atmospheric CO₂ is of great scientific significance in identifying carbon sinks and sources, and estimating CO₂ emissions or uptakes. Differential absorption Light Detection And Ranging (DIAL), has been widely accepted as the most promising technique to sense atmospheric CO₂. The classical method to retrieve measurements, generated from range-resolved d... View full abstract»

• ### Modeling Microwave Backscattering From Parabolic Rice Leaves

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 10
| | PDF (3770 KB)

Scattering from rice leaves contributes substantially to total vegetation canopy backscattering and detailed knowledge about it is necessary for developing a microwave scattering model. A parabolic curve is generally adopted to simulate the leaf shape but this is rarely incorporated into the calculation of the scattering. In this paper, two specific models, one based on physical optics (PO) approx... View full abstract»

• ### Comparison of Elevation Change Detection Methods From ICESat Altimetry Over the Greenland Ice Sheet

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 12
| | PDF (5912 KB) |  Media

Estimation of the surface elevation change of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is essential for understanding its response to recent and future climate change. Laser measurements from the NASA's Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) created altimetric surveys of GrIS surface elevations over the 2003-2009 operational period of the mission. This paper compares four change detection methods... View full abstract»

• ### Significant Wave Height Measured by Coherent X-Band Radar

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 11
| | PDF (4521 KB)

Significant wave height is one of the most important parameters for characterizing ocean waves and essential for coastal protection, shipping, as well as off shore industry operations. Within this paper, a robust method is introduced for retrieving significant wave heights from Doppler speed measurements acquired with a coherent-on-receive marine radar. The Doppler velocity is caused by the surfac... View full abstract»

• ### Detection of Cars in High-Resolution Aerial Images of Complex Urban Environments

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 12
| | PDF (2531 KB)

Detection of small targets, more specifically cars, in aerial images of urban scenes, has various applications in several domains, such as surveillance, military, remote sensing, and others. This is a tremendously challenging problem, mainly because of the significant interclass similarity among objects in urban environments, e.g., cars and certain types of nontarget objects, such as buildings' ro... View full abstract»

• ### Automated Detection of Ice and Open Water From Dual-Polarization RADARSAT-2 Images for Data Assimilation

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 15
| | PDF (6997 KB)

In this paper, we present a new technique for automated detection of ice and open water from RADARSAT-2 ScanSAR dual-polarization HH-HV images. Probability of the presence of ice within 2.05 km $x$ 2.05 km areas is modeled using a form of logistic regression as a function of the difference between the wind speeds estimated from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data and those obtained from numerical... View full abstract»

• ### Modeling the Temporal Variability of Thermal Emissions From Row-Planted Scenes Using a Radiosity and Energy Budget Method

Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):1 - 17
| | PDF (5904 KB)

Land surface temperature (LST) is often needed for using remotely sensed data to study the surface energy budget and hydrological cycle. However, LST is challenging to measure and simulate because of its high sensitivity to atmospheric instability and solar angle, particularly over large-scale heterogeneous scenes. We propose a model that combines radiosity theory and an energy budget method for s... View full abstract»

## Aims & Scope

 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING (TGRS) is a monthly publication that focuses on the theory, concepts, and techniques of science and engineering as applied to sensing the land, oceans, atmosphere, and space; and the processing, interpretation, and dissemination of this information.

Full Aims & Scope

## Meet Our Editors

Editor-in-Chief
Antonio J. Plaza
University of Extremadura