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Skin impedance from 1 Hz to 1 MHz
Rosell, J.   Colominas, J.   Riu, P.   Pallas-Areny, R.   Webster, J.G.  
Dept. of Electron. Eng., Univ. Politecnica de Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain;

This paper appears in: Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on
Publication Date: Aug. 1988
Volume: 35,  Issue: 8
On page(s): 649-651
ISSN: 0018-9294
References Cited: 8
CODEN: IEBEAX
INSPEC Accession Number: 3252133
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/10.4599
Current Version Published: 2002-08-06

Abstract
The impedance of skin coated with gel but otherwise unprepared was measured from 1 Hz to 1 MHz at ten sites on the thorax, leg, and forehead of ten subjects. For a 1-cm/sup 2/ area, the 1 Hz impedance varied from 10 k Omega to 1 M Omega , which suggests that the bipotential amplifier input impedance should be very high to avoid common-mode-to-differential-mode voltage conversion. The 1-MHz impedance was tightly clustered about 120 Omega . The 100-kHz impedance was about 220 Omega , which suggests that the variation in skin impedance can cause errors in two-electrode electrical impedance tomographs.

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