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Ink normalization and beautification
Simard, P.Y.   Steinkraus, D.   Agrawala, M.  
Microsoft Res., One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA, USA;

This paper appears in: Document Analysis and Recognition, 2005. Proceedings. Eighth International Conference on
Publication Date: 29 Aug.-1 Sept. 2005
On page(s): 1182- 1187 Vol. 2
ISSN: 1520-5263
ISBN: 0-7695-2420-6
INSPEC Accession Number: 8732797
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/ICDAR.2005.143
Current Version Published: 2006-01-16

Abstract
Handwriting recognition is difficult because of the high variability of handwriting and because of segmentation errors. We propose an approach that reduces this variability without requiring letter segmentation. We build an ink extrema classifier which labels local minima of ink as {bottom, baseline, other} and maxima as {midline, top, other}. Despite the high variability of ink, the classifier is 86% accurate (with 0% rejection). We use the classifier information to normalize the ink. This is done by applying a "rubber sheet" warping followed by a "rubber rod" warping. Both warpings are computed using conjugate gradient methods. We display the normalization results on a few examples. This paper illustrates the pitfalls of ink normalization and "beautification ", when solved independently of letter recognition.

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