Abstract
The variation in digitized pixel values that is due to sensor
noise and scene variation is quantified, using physical models for CCD
(charge-coupled device) video cameras and material reflectance. This
analysis forms the basis of algorithms for camera characterization and
calibration and for surface description. The use of these techniques for
estimating a measure of scene variation is described. This measure is
independent of image irradiance and can be used to identify a surface
from a single sensor band over a range of situations. Experimental
results verify the models presented
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