Face recognition: the problem of compensating for changes inillumination direction
Adini, Y.
Moses, Y.
Ullman, S.
Neurobiol. Dept., Weizmann Inst. of Sci., Rehovot ;
This paper appears in: Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on
Publication Date: Jul 1997
Volume: 19,
Issue: 7
On page(s): 721-732
ISSN: 0162-8828
References Cited: 49
CODEN: ITPIDJ
INSPEC Accession Number: 5661536
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/34.598229
Current Version Published: 2002-08-06
Abstract
A face recognition system must recognize a face from a novel image
despite the variations between images of the same face. A common
approach to overcoming image variations because of changes in the
illumination conditions is to use image representations that are
relatively insensitive to these variations. Examples of such
representations are edge maps, image intensity derivatives, and images
convolved with 2D Gabor-like filters. Here we present an empirical study
that evaluates the sensitivity of these representations to changes in
illumination, as well as viewpoint and facial expression. Our findings
indicated that none of the representations considered is sufficient by
itself to overcome image variations because of a change in the direction
of illumination. Similar results were obtained for changes due to
viewpoint and expression. Image representations that emphasized the
horizontal features were found to be less sensitive to changes in the
direction of illumination. However, systems based only on such
representations failed to recognize up to 20 percent of the faces in our
database. Humans performed considerably better under the same
conditions. We discuss possible reasons for this superiority and
alternative methods for overcoming illumination effects in recognition
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