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Haptic interaction with global deformations
Zhuang, Y.   Canny, J.  
Dept. of Comput. Sci., California Univ., Berkeley, CA;

This paper appears in: Robotics and Automation, 2000. Proceedings. ICRA '00. IEEE International Conference on
Publication Date: 2000
Volume: 3,  On page(s): 2428-2433 vol.3
Meeting Date: 04/24/2000 - 04/28/2000
Location: San Francisco, CA, USA
ISBN: 0-7803-5886-4
References Cited: 37
INSPEC Accession Number: 6683739
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/ROBOT.2000.846391
Current Version Published: 2002-08-06

Abstract
Force feedback coupled with a real-time physically realistic graphic display provides a human operator with an artificial sense of presence in a virtual environment. Furthermore, it allows a human operator to interact with the virtual environment through “touch”. We describe a haptic simulation system that allows a human operator to perform real-time interaction with soft 3D objects that go through large global deformations. We model and simulate such a global deformation using geometrically nonlinear finite element methods (FEM). We also introduce an efficient method that computes the force feedback, in real-time, by simulating the collision between the virtual “proxy” and the deformable object. To perceptually satisfy a human operator, haptics requires a much higher update frequency (at least 1000 Hz) than graphics. We update the graphics using full simulation and interpolate the fully simulated states at a higher frequency to render haptics. The interpolation is made possible by intentionally delaying the display (both graphics and haptics) by one full simulation cycle

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