Thin-film lithium niobate on silicon Mach-Zehnder electrooptic modulators up to 50 GHz

Compact electrooptical modulators are demonstrated on thin-film lithium niobate on silicon with half-wave voltage-length product of 3.1 to 6.5 V.cm (from DC up to 50 GHz), 18 dB extinction ratio, and 33-GHz 3-dB electrical bandwidth.