Response-surface-based design space exploration and optimisation of wireless sensor nodes with tunable energy harvesters

In an energy harvester powered wireless sensor node, the energy harvester is often the only energy source, therefore it is crucial to configure the microcontroller and the sensor node so that the harvested energy is used efficiently. This paper presents a response surface model (RSM) based design space exploration and optimisation of a complete wireless sensor node system. In our work the power consumption models of the microcontroller and the sensor node are defined based on their digital operations so that the parameters of the digital algorithms can be optimised to achieve the best energy efficiency. In the proposed technique, SystemC-A is used to model the system's analogue components as well as the digital control algorithms implemented in the microcontroller and the sensor node. A series of simulations are carried out and a response surface model is constructed from the simulation results. The RSM is then optimised using MATLAB's optimisation toolbox and the results show that the optimised system configuration can double the total number of wireless transmissions with fixed amount of harvested energy. The great improvement in the system performance validates the efficiency of our technique.