The Effect of Strand Bending on the Voltage-Current Characteristic of $\hbox{Nb}_{3}\hbox{Sn}$ Cable-In-Conduit Conductors

The primary issue facing
${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}$
cable-in-conduit conductors (CICCs) has been degradation, often observed during electromagnetic cycling, in the current sharing temperature, n-index, and critical current, in respect to measured strands values, due to strain effects. In the last years, work performed mostly relating to fusion magnet technology has led to a better understanding of the parameters required to improve the constraints imposed by the brittle nature of the
${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}$
filaments, such as cables low void fraction and long twist pitch sequence. On the other hand, experimental campaigns on bent
${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}$
wires, pre-compressed into a stainless-steel jacket, have shown that an appreciable decrease in the n-index values already occurs at the strand level, well below the irreversible mechanical load regime for filament breakage. This result is explained, with the support of simulation results, taking into account the broadening of the critical current distribution on wires cross section due to the presence of the jacket and to bending strain.