Complementary Organic Circuits Using Evaporated $ \hbox{F}_{16}\hbox{CuPc}$ and Inkjet Printing of PQT

Organic complementary inverters and ring oscillators are fabricated using a unique combination of inkjet printing and evaporation of organic semiconductors. p-Type poly (3, 3
$^{\prime \prime\prime}$
-didodecylquaterthiophene) (PQT) is inkjet printed, after which n-type copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine
$(\hbox{F}_{16}\hbox{CuPc})$
is evaporated and patterned by shadow masking. A solution-processable bilayer gate dielectric with superior gate leakage characteristics and a simplified process stack is implemented. The inverters show a high noise margin, good gain characteristics, and a switching point close to
$V_{\rm dd}$
/2. A five-stage ring oscillator is also demonstrated.