Fabrication Variations and Defect Tolerance for Nanomagnet-Based QCA

Tolerating defects and fabrication variations will be critical in any system made with devices that have nanometer feature sizes. This paper considers how fabrication variations and defects might lead to faulty behavior in Magnetic Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (MQCA) circuits and systems. Here, we leverage physical-level simulation to consider how fabrication variations might affect a circuit's logical correctness. We then discuss how we can tolerate fabrication variations at the device, circuit, and architectural level.