Numerical investigation of self-heating effects of oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
Yang Liu
Wei-Choon Ng
Choquette, K.D.
Hess, K.
Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA;
This paper appears in: Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of
Publication Date: Jan. 2005
Volume: 41,
Issue: 1
On page(s): 15- 25
ISSN: 0018-9197
INSPEC Accession Number: 8249895
Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/JQE.2004.839239(410) 41
Current Version Published: 2005-01-03
Abstract
We present a comprehensive numerical model to simulate self-heating effects of oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) under continuous-wave operation. The model self-consistently accounts for the close interaction between optical, electrical, and thermal processes in VCSELs. In particular, hot carriers and nonequilibrium optical phonons in the quantum wells are modeled by solving a carrier energy balance equation and an optical phonon rate equation. Our numerical simulations reveal that they are responsible for aggravated thermal rollovers in VCSELs' L-I characteristics. Detailed comparisons are made and good agreement is obtained between simulations and experiments for the L-I-V and lasing wavelength characteristics of VCSELs with varying oxide aperture size. Various mechanisms that result in the L-I thermal rollover behavior are also investigated with the aid of simulations.
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