Insulators for Icing and Polluted Environments

The prelims comprise:
Half Title
Wiley Series Page
Title
IEEE Press Editorial Board
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments View full abstract»

This chapter contains sections titled:
Scope and Objectives
Power System Reliability
The Insulation Coordination Process: What Is Involved?
Organization of the Book
Précis
References View full abstract»

This chapter contains sections titled:
Terminology for Insulators
Classification of Insulators
Insulator Construction
Electrical Stresses on Insulators
Environmental Stresses on Insulators
Mechanical Stresses
Précis
References View full abstract»

This chapter contains sections titled:
Pollution: What It Is
Pollution Deposits on Power System Insulators
Nonsoluble Electrically Inert Deposits
Soluble Electrically Conductive Pollution
Effects of Temperature on Electrical Conductivity
Conversion to Equivalent Salt Deposit Density
Self-Wetting of Contaminated Surfaces
Surface Wetting by Fog Accretion
Surface Wetting by Natural Precipitation
Surface Wetting by Artificial Precipitation
Précis
References View full abstract»

This chapter contains sections titled:
Terminology for Electrical Performance in Pollution Conditions
Air Gap Breakdown
Breakdown of Polluted Insulators
Outdoor Exposure Test Methods
Indoor Test Methods for Pollution Flashovers
Salt-Fog Test
Clean-Fog Test Method
Other Test Procedures
Salt-Fog Test Results
Clean-Fog Test Results
Effects of Insulator Parameters
Effects of Nonsoluble Deposit Density
Pressure Effects on Contamination Tests
Temperature Effects on Pollution Flashover
Précis
References View full abstract»

This chapter contains sections titled:
General Classification of Partial Discharges
Dry-Band Arcing on Contaminated Surfaces
Electrical Arcing on Wet, Contaminated Surfaces
Residual Resistance of Polluted Layer
dc Pollution Flashover Modeling
ac Pollution Flashover Modeling
Theoretical Modeling for Cold-Fog Flashover
Future Directions for Pollution Flashover Modeling
Précis
References View full abstract»

This chapter contains sections titled:
Monitoring for Maintenance
Cleaning of Insulators
Coating of Insulators
Adding Accessories
Adding More Insulators
Changing to Improved Designs
Changing to Semiconducting Glaze
Changing to Polymer Insulators
Précis
References View full abstract»

This chapter contains sections titled:
Terminology for Ice
Ice Morphology
Electrical Characteristics of Ice
Ice Flashover Experience
Ice Flashover Processes
Icing Test Methods
Ice Flashover Test Results
Empirical Models for Icing Flashovers
Mathematical Modeling of Flashover Process on Ice-Covered Insulators
Environmental Corrections for Ice Surfaces
Future Directions for Icing Flashover Modeling
Précis
References View full abstract»

This chapter contains sections titled:
Terminology for Snow
Snow Morphology
Snow Electrical Characteristics
Snow Flashover Experience
Snow Flashover Process and Test Methods
Snow Flashover Test Results
Empirical Model for Snow Flashover
Mathematical Modeling of Flashover Process on Snow-Covered Insulators
Environmental Corrections for Snow Flashover
Case Studies of Snow Flashover
Précis
References View full abstract»

This chapter contains sections titled:
Options for Mitigating Very Light and Light Icing
Options for Mitigating Moderate Icing
Options for Mitigating Heavy Icing
Options for Mitigating Snow and Rime
Alternatives for Mitigating Any Icing
Précis
References View full abstract»

This chapter contains sections titled:
The Insulation Coordination Process
Deterministic and Probabilistic Methods
IEEE 1313.2 Design Approach for Contamination
IEC 60815 Design Approach for Contamination
CIGRE Design Approach for Contamination
Characteristics of Winter Pollution
Winter Fog Events
Freezing Rain and Freezing Drizzle Events
Snow Climatology
Deterministic Coordination for Leakage Distance
Probabilistic Coordination for Leakage Distance
Deterministic Coordination for Dry Arc Distance
Probabilistic Coordination for Dry Arc Distance
Case Studies
Précis
References View full abstract»

This appendix contains sections titled:
References View full abstract»

This appendix contains sections titled:
Overall Trend in Uniform Fields
Standard Process for Correcting Test Lab Results
DC, AC, and Switching Surge
Lightning Surge
Fog Conditions
Special Factors Below 0°C
References View full abstract»

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