QoE-based performance evaluation of scheduling algorithms over LTE

The LTE specification provides Quality of Service (QoS) of multimedia services with fast connectivity, high mobility, and security. However, 3GPP specifications have not defined scheduling algorithms to support real-time and non-realtime application services, this has led to the development of a variety of scheduling algorithms in the recent years. Performance is a key factor for assessing the scheduling algorithms. However, the performance analysis and evaluation for existing scheduling algorithms are limited to QoS parameters (e.g. in terms of throughput, packet loss and delay) and/or fairness metrics. It is not clear how these scheduling algorithms perform in terms of Quality of Experience (QoE) metrics (e.g. MOS score) which are more closely linked with end user experience or user perceived quality. In this paper, we investigate and evaluate the performance of three popular LTE downlink schedulers (proportional fairness (PF), exponential proportional fairness (EXP-PF), and modified largest weight delay first (M-LWDF)) in terms of QoE metric (i.e. MOS score) in addition to normal QoS metrics (e.g. packet loss and delay) for VoIP applications. Simulation results (based on LTE-Sim) show that the best suitable downlink scheduling algorithm is MLWDF, which has short end-to end delay (less than 50ms) and allowing maximum number of user access (more than 50 users) at acceptable MOS score (MOS over 3.5). The widely used scheduling algorithm (PF) will increase its end-to-end delay over 200ms, when number of user access is over 30. This will limit its application for VoIP when user access number increases. This work would help to assist the design and development of QoE-driven scheduling algorithms for mobile multimedia applications in the future.