Cytochrome c release caused by Pulsed Electric Fields (PEFs) with different time durations

Multilayer Dielectric Sphere Model (MDSM) is used for analyzing responses of cells to Pulsed Electric Fields (PEFs), and cytochrome c release is significant effect of PEFs when mitochondrial substructures are taken into account. Numerical results of MDSM model explain and verify the reported experimental results on Intracellular Electro-manipulation (IEM). It is proposed that two-step process of cytochrome c release can be implemented by bioelectric impulse effect on mitochondria.