Impacts of a nominal nuclear electromagnetic pulse on electric power systems: a probabilistic approach

Since 1983, the US Department of Energy has been actively pursuing a research program to assess the potential effects of one or more electromagnetic pulse (EMP) events on the nation's electric energy supply. A nominal EMP environment suitable for assessing geographically large systems has been used to provide an indication of EMP effects on electric power systems. It was found that a single high-altitude burst, significantly disturbs the geomagnetic field, could cause significant load and generation loss, but permanent damage would be isolated. Multiple bursts would increase the disturbance. Nevertheless, based on the effects of a nominal EMP environment, a long-term blackout is not expected since major components such as power transformers are not likely to be damaged.<
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