Highly-confined waveguides in three-dimensional photonic crystal

We have theoretically shown that the 3D photonic crystal waveguide can be created in the stacked-bar structure by removing one stripe. Crossing waveguides of the adjacent layers can create bending waveguides and T-branch waveguides, and in this way, the guided modes after and before the bend remain the same so that the transmission through the bend is optimized. These results provide very important guidelines for design of the 3D photonic crystal waveguide.