Silicon gyroscopes and resonators have motivated rapid progress in techniques for wafer-level, high-quality vacuum encapsulation. This paper reviews recent developments in this technology and describes how it provides a foundation for new microsystem applications that involve electron transport across vacuum gaps. Thermionic energy converters, as well as the recently reported photon-enhanced thermionic energy converter, involve vacuum encapsulation of microcathode arrays. These devices pose a variety of material and process challenges, due to their high operating temperatures. A second promising application is aimed at efficient generation and processing of signals in the THz region, by means of resonant-cavity vacuum oscillators.
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Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference (TRANSDUCERS), 2011 16th International
Date of Conference: 5-9 June 2011