Oxygen Deficiency and Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Undoped and Cobalt-Doped $\hbox{TiO}_{\bm 2}$ Nanoparticles

The compositional analysis done on the synthesized undoped and cobalt (Co)-doped titanium dioxide ( TiO
₂
) nanoparticles by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis suggests oxygen deficiency in undoped and Co-doped TiO
₂
samples. Magnetic investigations by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) indicate that undoped TiO
₂
nanoparticles possess ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature due to the oxygen deficiency and in Co-doped TiO
₂
, the enhancement in magnetic moment is due to Co doping.