Dip Pen Nanolithography® (DPN®) and the Deposition of Multiple Materials in Nanopatterning

Multiplexed patterns of hydrogels and phospholipids with fluorescent dyes are accomplished by dip-pen nanolithography® (DPN®). For example, four different dyes-labeled hydrogel dot arrays are DPN® patterned within 50 × 50 ¿m
²
area, and two different dyes-doped phospholipids dots and letters with less than 1 ¿m line-width are also DPN® patterned. We demonstrate that multi-ink patterns with precise alignment are able to be printed by DPN® within a micron-scale. Moreover, this multi-ink DPN® patterning methodology can be extended to delicate bio-materials printing in a subcellular scale with accurate positioning control.