Long-haul repeaterless undersea lightwave systems

In conclusion, nonrepeatered communication systems have experienced a rapid evolution during the past few years. In laboratory experiments distances up to 529 km and power budget up to 93.8 dB have been demonstrated at 2.5 Gb/s. At 10 Gb/s power budgets up to 81.0 dB and transmission distances up to 411 km have been reported. Recent experiments have shown that the enabling technologies developed for single-channel repeaterless systems are amenable to wavelength division multiplexed systems as well. In the near future we can expect to see these technologies migrate into commercial systems greatly enhancing their capabilities in terms of transmission distance and capacity.