Architecture alternatives for integrating Cellular IP and Mobile IP

Mobile IP provides a good solution for macro-mobility, allowing users to roam while keeping their permanent IP address for identification. However, it is known not to perform well for micro-mobility. Schemes like Cellular IP have been developed that provide low-latency handoffs for micro-mobility but are not scalable for macro-mobility. A practical solution would therefore require integration of Mobile IP and Cellular IP where Mobile IP handles macro-mobility and Cellular IP handles micro-mobility. Architecture alternatives for such integration are studied. Five architectures are discussed and compared.