Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and its applications to lithium ion cells

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a nondestructive technique often used to understand the interfacial behavior in electrochemical systems. The ability of the technique to segregate various processes, i.e., ohmic conduction, charge transfer interfacial charging, mass transfer etc, makes it an elegant technique for electrochemical systems. Its applicability to lithium ion cells is further enhanced by the fact that surface films cover both the electrodes and especially the carbon anode. This paper describes the EIS response of individual electrodes in the lithium. ion cells under a variety of experimental conditions, i.e., temperature, high temperature storage and cycling.