Combined multidimensional signaling and transmit diversity for high-rate wide-band CDMA

Multidimensional signaling is newly designed to provide a diversity gain of order 2 using two transmit antennas in uplink transmission of wide-band CDMA (W-CDMA) while achieving high and multiple data rates at the same time. The rate can be easily changed on the slot basis in a frame transmission by adapting the order of multidimensional signaling to the incoming traffic. The multidimensional signaling of order zero simply reduces to conventional multicode scheme, so there exists a tradeoff between rate and complexity. Also, the use of multidimensional signaling results in far reduced envelope variations at the maximum rate. With the transmit diversity, the uplink signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) will be further stabilized to meet the requirements of multimedia traffic. Statistics of interferences are characterized in terms of their second- and fourth-order moments from which diversity gain is theoretically verified. For realistic multipath fading channels, considering both equal and unequal average path powers, the average probability of symbol error is obtained in compact form, in which the two schemes, multidimensional signaling with and without transmit diversity are compared, and then with nonmulticode scheme in view of the bit error rate (BER). Numerical and simulation results show that the multidimensional signal with transmit diversity provides a significant gain over that with no diversity, and furthermore outperforms nonmulticode scheme subject to the same signal energy per bit and chip rate.