Point to point label switching protocol for optical access networks

This paper concentrates on the provisioning of services using point-to-point protocol (PPP) and label switching scheme in IP over dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) access networks. For the reason of usefulness of the PPP and the efficiency of the label switching technique in access networks, the authors propose three solutions for end-to-end or end-to-provider communication on the optical access networks. Three solution candidates for access networks are 10 Gigabit Ethernet network, resilient packet ring (RPR) network, and passive optical network (PON). These topologies have their own advantages. The article shows how to use these architectures properly in the access networks with the PPP and label switching techniques over a DWDM layer