Estimation of the avoidable lead in MSW by inverse manufacturing system

Under the inverse manufacturing system, it is important not only to minimize the amount of solid waste but also the environmental impact of hazardous materials found in municipal solid waste (MSW). In this present study, we examined which products contribute to the lead content in MSW by examining the literature on this subject and by measuring the lead content in waste products. We also estimated the amount of avoidable lead from MSW fly ash and bottom ash using the inverse manufacturing system. We found that 411 mg/kg (dry MSW) of lead was discharged with MSW from households, and we discovered that 80% of the lead in MSW originates from TV sets. If the inverse manufacturing system is applied to TV sets, the lead content in the incineration residue decreases by about 85%.