Electromagnetic analysis with equivalent models of complex conducting structures

Complex conducting structures, whenever they are not the focus of interest of the electromagnetic analysis, are approximated by means of equivalent simplified models. Composite materials can be treated as homogeneous anisotropic media. Complex 3D structures can be approximated by means of 2D axisymmetric models or lumped parameter systems. The material properties or the parameters of the equivalent models are determined in such a way as to preserve the interaction with the remaining structures. Upper and lower bounds are established for electromagnetic quantities of interest for plates with circular holes and quasi-axisymmetric structures in fusion devices.