The effects of spatial hole burning and energy diffusion on the single-mode operation of standing-wave lasers

Spatial hole burning in the absence of energy diffusion is examined. A formula is derived which predicts how far above threshold a homogeneously broadened standing-wave laser operates in a single-longitudinal mode. This is a conservative formula, since energy diffusion decreases the effects of spatial hole burning and increases the power level at which single-mode operation can be maintained. The role of energy diffusion is also examined. A formula is derived for how far above threshold a standing-wave laser oscillates in a single-longitudinal mode when energy diffusion is accounted for. Examples of the use of these formulas are given.<
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