Distributed energy resource management for electric vehicles using IEC 61850 and ISO/IEC 15118

Research and development in the field of electric vehicles is evolving quickly based on global efforts reducing CO2 footprint and fossil fuel dependency for road vehicles. Standardized communication interfaces are a necessity for grid integration of electric vehicles, interoperability, and therefore mass market acceptance of E-Mobility. In extend to such base level of interoperability, the real opportunity of electric vehicles lies in demand and supply management. Such added value is provided through means like monitoring and control. IEC 61850-7-420 already addresses such means for distributed energy resources, like photovoltaic and combined heat and power systems. For such systems it defines appropriate object models as well as communication bindings in order to monitor and control a system's status. Based on these principles, this paper reviews relevant standards in electric mobility and points out particular requirements for electric vehicles. From that, it derives an extension to IEC 61850-7-420 in order to introduce a corresponding distributed energy resource information model for electric vehicles. The model is furthermore extended to various charging infrastructure scenarios in order to support aggregation over numerous electric vehicles. The proposed distributed energy resource provisioning mechanism for electric vehicles is validated with a proof-of-concept implementation. Hence, this work also provides validation of today's standardization efforts for electric vehicle in terms of grid integration.