Energy management system for a multi-source storage system electric vehicle

Energy management systems (EMS) for vehicular applications control and optimize the power flow between electric consumers and power sources in the system. Control strategies of the EMS primarily aim at maximizing driving range and power of the vehicle with simultaneous consideration of physical degradation of the energy source due to the utilization. Previous papers consider hybrid energy storage systems consisting of batteries and Ultra Capacitors [1] or batteries and Fuel Cells [2]. These systems are designed to gain best performance out of a high energy density source combined with a more powerful peak power device.