Projection-Based Fast Learning Fully Complex-Valued Relaxation Neural Network

This paper presents a fully complex-valued relaxation network (FCRN) with its projection-based learning algorithm. The FCRN is a single hidden layer network with a Gaussian-like sech activation function in the hidden layer and an exponential activation function in the output layer. For a given number of hidden neurons, the input weights are assigned randomly and the output weights are estimated by minimizing a nonlinear logarithmic function (called as an energy function) which explicitly contains both the magnitude and phase errors. A projection-based learning algorithm determines the optimal output weights corresponding to the minima of the energy function by converting the nonlinear programming problem into that of solving a set of simultaneous linear algebraic equations. The resultant FCRN approximates the desired output more accurately with a lower computational effort. The classification ability of FCRN is evaluated using a set of real-valued benchmark classification problems from the University of California, Irvine machine learning repository. Here, a circular transformation is used to transform the real-valued input features to the complex domain. Next, the FCRN is used to solve three practical problems: a quadrature amplitude modulation channel equalization, an adaptive beamforming, and a mammogram classification. Performance results from this paper clearly indicate the superior classification/approximation performance of the FCRN.