Analysis of the combined impact of small-scale wind generators and electric vehicles on future power networks

Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered to be environmentally friendly transportation tools which can efficiently reduce CO
₂
emissions and fossil fuel dependency. However, when a high penetration of EVs are connected to power networks, various technical issues may arise (such as overloading, voltage sag). Wind generation is one form of clean energy which could be used to compensate for the extra loading if the wind turbines locations are properly arranged. This paper analyses the voltage stability and security of the power network with different penetration levels of EVs and wind turbines. In the research presented in this paper, a simple model of a wind energy conversion system (WECS) (comprising a small-scale wind turbine with a maximum power point tracker) is developed and implemented in a typical UK distribution network model in Matlab/Simulink environment. Different operational scenarios are investigated and results obtained are presented and discussed in the paper.