Beam steering performance of a C- and X-Band compact spirograph PMA (SPMA) array

The sixteen-pointed compact spirograph planar monopole antenna (SPMA) is used as the radiating element to form a 1×4 beam steering array antenna which covers C- and X-Band. The array is impedance matched from 3.85-12.64 GHz (107% fractional bandwidth), the interelement spacing is 0.7λ
₀
at 12 GHz, and the beam scan range is θ= ±90° at 4 GHz to θ= ±40° at 12 GHz.