A general compensation for a switched-capacitor double-integrator biquad

The finite frequency-dependent gain characteristics of operational amplifiers (op amps) is an important limiting factor in the performance of active switched-capacitor filters at high pole frequencies and high quality factors. A compensation scheme is given to reduce transfer-function errors in a switched-capacitor biquad, due to the finite gain-bandwidth product of the op. amps. Experimental and theoretical results show that the scheme is very useful.