Three-state synchronization of distributed sample scramblers in the presence of errors

In this paper, we consider the behaviors and performances of the three-state-based synchronization mechanisms of DSS in the errored environment. We establish a mathematical model to describe the synchronization mechanisms by employing the sequence space theory, and discuss the behaviors of the two different three-state synchronization schemes-the ITU-T recommended thresholded-counting scheme and the newly proposed windowed-observation scheme. We consider the design guidelines for the synchronization schemes, and finally compare their performances in the cell-based ATM.