Electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles recharge in distribution power systems

Electric and hybrid vehicles represent a new kind of loads in distribution systems. Considering that thousands of vehicles are recharging at the same period, many violations will take place on the grid. Hence, an intelligent controlled recharge scheme is proposed in this paper to avoid undesired system's operational limits, like feeders overloading and low voltage levels. By applying Artificial Immune Systems and load management, a better operational condition is reached, allowing a higher loadability, decreasing power losses and managing loads connection. Small-scale renewable systems, as photovoltaic and wind power, are also considered in the IEEE-34 distribution feeder system and their effects are analyzed considering the vehicles recharging process.