Reliability considerations from the integration of smart grid

The deployment of automation, or `smart grid', on the bulk power system continues to grow. `Smart' technologies have been implemented for some time at the substations (in the form of SCADA, or supervisory control and data acquisition) and more recently, a small penetration in directly on transmission circuits. The success of integrating smart grid concepts and technology will rely heavily on reliability of the existing bulk power system during its evolution.