A Tunable Combline Bandpass Filter Loaded With Series Resonator

This paper proposes a varactor-tuned microstrip combline bandpass filter (BPF) that is loaded with lumped series resonators instead of the short-circuited end of combline. This configuration has the advantage of enhancing the tunability of the suggested BPF by varactor diodes in series resonators, which leads to a wide tuning range even with a small capacitance ratio (
C
_ratio
) of the varactor. Therefore, a low controlled bias voltage varactor-tuned BPF can be achieved. In addition, due to the controllable slope parameter of the proposed resonator, the coupling between resonators can be controlled. As a result, the proposed tunable BPF can keep nearly constant bandwidth over the wide tuning range. The insertion loss resulting from the varactors is compensated using an active capacitance circuit with negative resistance. Theoretical analysis and design approach are described. Experimental results of a demonstrative BPF show a 500-MHz tuning range (1.7-2.2 GHz) with
C
_ratio
of only 2.6 (1-5-V bias voltage) while maintaining nearly constant absolute bandwidth and low insertion loss. The measured performance of the fabricated filter shows good agreement with the simulated one.