Robust video watermarking against JPEG compression in 3D-DWT domain

A 3D-DWT video watermarking technique is proposed in this article. The algorithm is implemented on the basis of human vision system (HVS). To improve the robustness of watermark against JPEG compression, the most recently proposed techniques embed watermark in to the low-frequency components of the video frames. However, these components hold significant information of the video. Directly replacing the low-frequency components with watermark may introduce undesirable degradation to video quality. Simulation results demonstrate that the embedded watermarks can be almost fully extracted from the JPEG-compressed frames with very high compression ratio. Furthermore, the algorithm is robust against uniform noise attack, frame dropping and frame swapping.