Shakedown analysis of 3-D structures using the boundary element method based on the static theorem

The static shakedown theorem was reformulated for the boundary element method (BEM) rather than the finite element method with Melarrs theorem, then used to develop a numerical solution procedure for shakedown analysis. The self-equil ibrium stress field was constructed by a linear combination of several basis self-equilibri um stress fields with undeterm ned pararreters. These basis self-equili brium stress fields were expressed as elastic responses of the body to imposed permanent strains obtained using a 3-D BEM elastic-plastic increrrental analysis. The lower bound for the shakedown load was obtained from a series of nonlinear rrathematical proqramrning problems solved using the Complex method. Numerical examples verified the precision of the present method.