A 2 V, low power, single-ended 1 GHz CMOS direct upconversion mixer

This paper describes a 2 V full CMOS 1 GHz upconversion mixer. The circuit has a single-ended output which avoids the use of any balun. The total power consumption in both the mixer and the output stage is only 22 mW. The signal to distortion ratio has been measured to be more than 30 dB. A thorough analysis of the harmonics caused by the nonlinearity of the mixer transistors is performed. The theory is confirmed by the measurements on the presented circuit. The chip has been processed in 0.4 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.